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Standard reference in the study of Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs
Gardiner's sign list is a list of common Egyptian hieroglyphs compiled by Sir Alan Gardiner. It is considered a standard reference in the study of ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs.
Gardiner lists only the common forms of Egyptian hieroglyphs, but he includes extensive subcategories, and also both vertical and horizontal forms for many hieroglyphs. He includes size-variation forms to aid with the reading of hieroglyphs in running blocks of text. In contrast, for example, the Budge Reference has about 1,000 hieroglyphs listed in 50 pages, but with no size variations.
Gardiner does not cross-index signs; once a sign is put on one of his lists, other significant uses may be overlooked. One example of this is π G16, nbtα», the ideogram for the Two Ladies, goddesses Wadjet as the cobra and Nekhbet as the white vulture. These are the protective and patron goddesses of the separate Egyptian kingdoms that joined into ancient Egypt, who were both then displayed on the uraeus of Wadjet when the unification occurred and afterward considered jointly to be the protectors of Egypt and the pharaohs. This ideogram is listed only in the bird list (G), and overlooked on the deity list (C) and the reptile list (I).
Other subcategories included by Gardiner are abbreviations and personalized forms, and also a complete subset, used on papyrus, specifically for the Book of the Dead.
A. Man and his occupations [edit]56 signs in Gardiner (1957:242β247), with A59 "man threatening with stick" inserted after A25 "man striking with left hand hanging behind back", and two variants A14* "blood interpreted as ax" of A14 "man with blood streaming from his head"; and A17* "child sitting with arms hanging down" of A17 "child sitting with hand to mouth".
B. Woman and her occupations [edit]7 signs in Gardiner (1957:448).
C. Anthropomorphic deities [edit]11 signs in Gardiner (1957:448f.) with the addition of five 19th Dynasty signs, C12 Amun, C17 Mont, C18 Tjanen, C19 and C20 Ptah.
D. Parts of the human body [edit]Expected quantity: 63
Expected quantity: 34
F. Parts of mammals [edit]Expected quantity: 52
Expected quantity: 54
Expected quantity: 8
I. Amphibious animals, reptiles, etc. [edit]15 signs in Gardiner (1957:475f).
No. img. Unicode phon. description usage, notes I1 π U+13188 κ₯Ε‘κ£ lizard "lizard" I2 π U+13189 freshwater turtle Ε‘tjw "turtle" I3 π U+1318A Δ±Νt crocodile "crocodile" (αΈ«ntj), "be greedy; lust after" (αΈ₯nt), "voracious, angry", (κ£d) I4 π U+1318B crocodile on a shrine Sobek I5 π U+1318C crocodile with inward curved tail "collect, gather" (sκ£q) I6 π U+1318E km piece of crocodile-skin with spines as phonogram in kmt "Egypt", skm "grey-haired" I7 π U+1318F frog "frog" (qrr), Heqet, ideogram in wαΈ₯m-κ₯nαΈ« "repeating life" I8 π U+13190 αΈ₯fn tadpole I9 π U+13191 f horned viper I10 π U+13193 αΈ cobra in repose I11 π U+13195 αΈαΈ two cobras I12 π U+13197 cobra erect Uraeus (iκ₯rt), Nesret I13 π U+13198 I12 + V30 "goddess" I14 π U+13199 snake "snake" (αΈdft), "serpent" (αΈ₯fκ£w) I15 π U+1319A variant of I14 K. Fish and parts of fish [edit]Expected quantity: 7
L. Invertebrates and lesser animals [edit]Expected quantity: 7
M. Trees and plants [edit]44 signs in Gardiner (1957:478β484).
N. Sky, earth, water [edit]42 signs in Gardiner (1957:485β492). N3 is an Old Kingdom variant of N2. N11 "moon" has vertical (increscent and decrescent) variants, N12 is a 19th-Dynasty variant of N11.
No. img. Unicode phon. description usage, notes N1 π― U+131EF pt sky N2 π° U+131F0 grαΈ₯ sky with sceptre det. for "darkness" N3 π± U+131F1 as N2 variant of N2 Old Kingdom variant of N2 N4 π² U+131F2 moisture falling from the sky "dew", "rain" N5 π³ U+131F3 rκ₯ sunMain article:
Ra N6 π΄ U+131F4 rκ₯ sun with uraeus 19th Dynasty N7 π΅ U+131F5 N5 + T28 αΊrt-hrw "day-time" N8 πΆ U+131F6 wbn sunshine Usually depicted with three rays, older variants may also have four rays.[1] Determinative for e.g. pαΈ₯αΈ "to shine, illumine" and wbn "rise"; from this latter case, it can also take the phonetic value of wbn when standing on its own, e.g. in wbn "wound". Alternatively, it is either a determiner or ideogram for αΈ₯nmmt, the name of the "sun folk" of Heliopolis (Gardiner p. 486).A depiction with four rays is found on an ivory wand of c. 2100 BC: The "Sun with rays" hieroglyph is shown once, placed upon the head of a ram. It has a central dot, like the
"Sun" hieroglyph(N5), with four elongated, undulating vertical rays.
[2]See also
Aten.
N9 π· U+131F7 psαΈ moon with its lower half obscured 18th Dynasty N10 πΈ U+131F8 as N9 variant of N9 18th Dynasty N11 πΉ U+131F9 crescent moon N12 πΊ U+131FA variant of N11 18th Dynasty N13 π» U+131FB half of N11 + N14 "half-month festival" N14 πΌ U+131FC star N15 π½ U+131FD star in circle N16 πΎ U+131FE N18 + 3 x N33 "earth, land" (flat alluvial land with grains of sand) N17 πΏ U+131FF variant of N16 as N16 N18 π U+13200 Δ±Ν sandy tract "island" N19 π U+13203 2 x N18 in αΈ₯r-κ£αΈ«ty "Horus-of-the-Horizon" N20 π U+13204 tongue of land "sand bank, shore" N21 π U+13205 tongue of land "bank, region" (in "two banks" = "Egypt") N22 π U+13206 tongue of land Old Kingdom predecessor of both N20 and N21 N23 π U+13207 irrigation canal differentiation of N36 N24 π U+13208 land with irrigation tunnels "district, nome" N25 π U+13209 hills "hill-country, foreign land" N26 π U+1320B αΈw mountain N27 π U+1320C sun rising over mountain "horizon" N28 π U+1320D αΈ«κ₯ sun rising over hill N29 π U+1320E q sandy hill-slope N30 π U+1320F mound with shrubs "mound" N31 π U+13210 road bordered by shrubs "road" N32 π U+13211 lump of clay or dung Old Kingdom N33 π U+13212 grain of sand N34 π U+13214 metal ingot N35 π U+13216 n ripple of water variant "three ripples" π U+13217 N36 π U+13218 water channel N37 π U+13219 pool "pool" N38 π U+1321B variant of N37 more detailed drawing of N37 N39 π U+1321C garden pool full of water variant of N37 N40 π U+1321D N37 + D54 "go" N41 π U+1321E bΔ±Νκ£ well full of water "well" N42 π U+1321F variant of N41 as N41 O. Buildings, parts of buildings, etc. [edit]51 signs (with variants, U+13250β1329A).
P. Ships and parts of ships [edit]Expected quantity: 11
Q. Domestics and funerary furniture [edit]Expected quantity: 7
R. Temple furniture and sacred emblems [edit]Expected quantity: 25
S. Crowns, dress, staves, etc. [edit]Expected quantity: 45
T. Warfare, hunting, and butchery [edit]Expected quantity: 35
U. Agriculture, crafts, and professions [edit]41 signs.
V. Rope, fiber, baskets, bags, etc. [edit]40 signs (38 in Gardiner 1957). V39 is the Tyet or "Knot of Isis". V40 is the numeral 10 in dates.
W. Vessels of stone and earthenware [edit]25 signs.
X. Loaves and cakes [edit]8 signs.
Y. Writings, games, music [edit]8 signs.
Z. Strokes, signs derived from Hieratic, geometrical figures [edit]11 signs.
31 signs in Gardiner (1957).
π In Unicode U+013044 π EGYPTIAN HIEROGLYPH A059These hieroglyphs have unicode code points and so, given a suitable font, can be displayed or printed. The block starts at U+013000 for A001.
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