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List of rulers of Bavaria
The following is a list of monarchs during the history of Bavaria. Bavaria was ruled by several dukes and kings, partitioned and reunited, under several dynasties. Since 1918, Bavaria has been under a republican form of government, and from 1949, Bavaria has been a democratic state in the Federal Republic of Germany.
Around 548 the kings of the Franks placed the border region of Bavaria under the administration of a duke—possibly Frankish or possibly chosen from amongst the local leading families—who was supposed to act as a regional governor for the Frankish king. The first duke we know of, and likely the first, was Gariwald, or Garibald I, a member of the powerful Agilolfing family. This was the beginning of a series of Agilolfing dukes that was to last until 788.
The kings (later emperors) of the Franks now assumed complete control, placing Bavaria under the rule of non-hereditary governors and civil servants. They were not dukes but rather kings of Bavaria. Emperor Louis the Pious divided control of the Empire among his sons, and the divisions became permanent in the decades following his death in 840. The Frankish rulers controlled Bavaria as part of their possessions.
Ruled by an array of dukes from an array of rivaling houses, individually appointed to office.
Luitpold, founder of the Luitpolding dynasty, was not a duke of Bavaria but a margrave of Carinthia under the rule of Louis the Child. Frankish power had waned in the region due to Hungarian attacks, allowing the local rulers greater independence. Luitpold's son, Arnulf, claimed the title of duke (implying full autonomy) in 911 and was recognized as such by King Henry the Fowler of Germany in 920.
From 947 until the 11th century, the kings of Germany repeatedly transferred Bavaria into different hands (including their own), never allowing any one family to establish itself. Bavaria was ruled by a series of short-lasting, mostly unrelated dynasties.
In 1070, Emperor Henry IV deposed Duke Otto, granting the duchy instead to Welf I, a member of the Italo-Bavarian family of Este. Welf I subsequently quarreled with King Henry and was deprived of his duchy for nineteen years, during which it was directly administered by the German crown. Welf I recovered the duchy in 1096, and was succeeded by his sons Welf II and Henry IX—the latter was succeeded by his son Henry X, who also became Duke of Saxony.
Name Image Title Start term End term House Part Note Luitpold Margrave of Bavaria 895 907 Luitpolding Arnulf the Bad Duke of Bavaria 907 920 Luitpolding Son of Luitpold.
Arnulf the Bad claimed the title of duke—implying full autonomy—in 911, and was recognized as such by King Henry the Fowler in 920.
Eberhard Duke of Bavaria 937 938 Luitpolding Berthold Duke of Bavaria 938 947 Luitpolding Younger son of Luitpold.
The German King Otto I reasserted central authority, banishing Arnulf's son Eberhard and re-granting the title to Berthold, a younger son of Luitpold.
Henry I Duke of Bavaria 947 955 Ottonian Son of Henry the Fowler.
On Berthold's death, Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor, gave the duchy to his own brother Henry (I), who was also Arnulf the Bad's son-in-law.
Henry II the Quarrelsome Duke of Bavaria 955 976 Ottonian Henry II made war upon his cousin, Emperor Otto II, and was deprived of his duchy in 976 in favor of his cousin Otto, Duke of Swabia (who now acquired two dukedoms). Otto I Duke of Bavaria 976 982 Ottonian Henry III the Younger Duke of Bavaria 983 985 Luitpolding Bavaria was given to Berthold's son Henry III, briefly restoring the Luitpolding dynasty. Henry III exchanged Bavaria for Carinthia, and Henry II received Bavaria again. Henry II the Quarrelsome Duke of Bavaria 985 995 Ottonian Restored Henry IV Duke of Bavaria 995 1004 Ottonian Son of Henry II the Quarrelsome.
Henry IV was elected as Holy Roman Emperor Henry II, who gave Bavaria to his brother-in-law Henry V, Count of Luxemburg in 1004.
Henry V Duke of Bavaria 1004 1009 Luxemburg Son of Siegfried of Luxembourg. Henry IV Duke of Bavaria 1009 1017 Ottonian Henry IV reasserted direct control. Henry V Duke of Bavaria 1017 1026 Luxemburg Son of Siegfried of Luxembourg.
Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor, King of Germany, gave Bavaria to his son Henry VI after the death of Henry V in 1026.
Henry VI the Black Duke of Bavaria 1026 1042 Salian Son of Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor.
Later Henry was elected as Holy Roman Emperor Henry III, and became King of Germany in 1039.
Henry VII Duke of Bavaria 1042 1047 Luxemburg Son of Frederick of Luxembourg.
In 1042, Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor, granted the duchy to Henry VII, Count of Luxemburg, nephew of Henry V.
Conrad I (Kuno) Duke of Bavaria 1049 1053 Ezzonen Son of Liudolf of Lotharingia.
After Henry VII's death, the dukedom was vacant for a couple of years. Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor, then gave the duchy to Kuno, Count of Zütphen, in 1049. Kuno was deposed in 1053.
Henry VIII Duke of Bavaria 1053 1054 Salian Son of Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor.
During his reign in Bavaria Henry VIII was a minor (born 1050). In 1056 he became King of Germany and Holy Roman Emperor as Henry IV in 1084.
Conrad II Duke of Bavaria 1054 1055 Salian (minor, born 1052, died 1055) Son of Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor Henry VIII Duke of Bavaria 1055 1061 Salian (minor: born 1050) Son of Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor. Henry VIII became King of Germany (1056) and Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor in 1084. Otto II Duke of Bavaria 1061 1070 Nordheim In 1061 Empress Agnes—the 11-year-old King Henry IV's mother and regent—entrusted the duchy to Otto of Nordheim. Welf I Duke of Bavaria 1070 1077 Welf Welf I subsequently quarreled with Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor and was deprived of his duchy for nineteen years, during which it was directly administered by the German crown. Henry VIII Duke of Bavaria 1077 1096 Salian (minor: born 1050) Son of Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor. Henry VIII became King of Germany (1056) and Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor in 1084. Welf I Duke of Bavaria 1096 1101 Welf Welf I recovered the duchy in 1096. Welf II Duke of Bavaria 1101 1120 Welf Son of Welf I Henry IX the Black Duke of Bavaria 1120 1126 Welf Son of Welf I.
Abdicated.
Henry X the Proud Duke of Bavaria 1126 1138 Welf Son of Henry IX the Black.
In a power struggle with King Conrad III of Germany, Henry X lost his duchy to the King, who granted it to his follower Leopold Margrave of Austria.
Leopold I Duke of Bavaria 1139 1141 Babenberg When Leopold died, Conrad III of Germany resumed the duchy and granted it to Leopold's brother Henry XI. Henry XI Jasomirgott Duke of Bavaria 1143 1156 Babenberg Brother of Leopold. Henry XII the Lion Duke of Bavaria 1156 1180 Welf When Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor, became king of Germany, he restored Bavaria to the Welf line in the person of Henry X's son, Henry XII the Lion, Duke of Saxony.
In 1253, on Otto II's death, Bavaria was divided between his sons. Henry became Duke of Lower Bavaria and Louis of Upper Bavaria. From this point until the beginning of the 16th century, the territories were frequently divided between brothers, making the dukes difficult to list.
In Lower Bavaria, Henry XIII was succeeded by his three sons, Otto III, Louis III, and Stephen I ruling jointly. Otto III's successor in the joint dukedom was his son Henry XV. Stephen's successors were his sons Otto IV and Henry XIV. Henry XIV's son was John I.
In Upper Bavaria, Louis II was succeeded by his sons Rudolf I and Louis IV. The latter was elected King of Germany in 1314. After John I's death in 1340, Louis IV unified the Bavarian duchy.
The dukes of Upper Bavaria served also as Counts Palatinate of the Rhine. In 1329 Louis IV released the Palatinate of the Rhine including the Bavarian Upper Palatinate to the sons of Rudolf I. The Upper Palatinate would be reunited with Bavaria in 1623, the Lower Palatinate in 1777.
Following the Landshut War (1503–1505), the Duke of Bavaria-Munich Albert IV the Wise became ruler of Bavaria. In 1506 Albert decreed that the duchy should pass according to the rules of primogeniture.
(Note: Here the numbering of the dukes is the same for all duchies, as all were titled Dukes of Bavaria, despite the different parts of land and its particular numbering of the rulers. The dukes are numbered by the year of their succession.)
Ruler Born Reign Death Ruling part Consort Notes Otto III the Redhead 1117 1180–1183 11 July 1183 Bavaria Agnes of Loon
1169
eleven children In 1180 Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor gave Bavaria to Otto I Wittelsbach, Duke of Bavaria of the House of Wittelsbach. Regency of Agnes of Loon (1183-1189) Son of Otto III. Louis obtained the Palatinate of the Rhine in 1214. So Louis I served also as Count Palatine of the Rhine. He was assassinated 1231. Louis I the Kelheimer 23 December 1173 1183–1231 15 September 1231 Bavaria Ludmilla of Bohemia
1204
one child Otto IV the Illustrious 7 April 1206 1231–1253 29 November 1253 Bavaria Agnes of the Palatinate
1222
Worms
eleven children Otto IV served also as Count Palatine of the Rhine. On Otto IV's death, Bavaria was divided between his sons. Henry became duke of Lower Bavaria, and Louis of Upper Bavaria. From this point until the beginning of the 16th century, the territories were frequently divided between brothers. Henry XIII 19 November 1235 1253–1290 3 February 1290 Lower Bavaria Elizabeth of Hungary
1250
ten children Son of Otto IV. After the partition of 1253, received Lower Bavaria. Louis II the Strict 13 April 1229 1253–1294 2 February 1294 Upper Bavaria Maria of Brabant
2 August 1254
(executed)
no children
Anna of Głogów
1260
two children
Matilda of Austria
24 October 1273
four children Son of Otto IV. After the partition of 1253, received Upper Bavaria. Otto V 11 February 1261 1290–1312 9 November 1312 Lower Bavaria Catherine of Austria
January 1279
two children
Anna of Głogów
18 May 1309
two children Sons of Henry XIII, ruled jointly. In 1305 Otto became also King of Hungary and Croatia, as grandson of Béla IV of Hungary. Louis III 9 October 1269 1290–1296 9 October 1296 Lower Bavaria Isabella of Lorraine
1287
no children Stephen I 14 March 1271 1290–1310 10 December 1310 Lower Bavaria Judith of Świdnica-Jawor
1299
eight children Regency of Matilda of Austria (1294-1296) Sons of Louis II, ruled jointly. In 1317 Rudolph abdicated of his rights to his brother, who in 1328 was elected Holy Roman Emperor. Louis had already been elected King of Germany in 1314. In the Treaty of Pavia (1329) Louis IV released the Palatinate of the Rhine passing the Bavarian Upper Palatinate to the sons of Rudolf I. After John I the Child's death in 1340, Louis IV unified the Bavarian duchy. Rudolph I the Stammerer 4 October 1274 1294–1317 12 August 1319 Upper Bavaria Matilda of Nassau
1 September 1294
Nuremberg
six children Louis IV the Bavarian 5 April 1282 1294–1340 11 October 1347 Upper Bavaria Beatrice of Świdnica-Jawor
14 October 1308
six children
Margaret II, Countess of Holland-Hainaut
26 February 1324
Cologne
ten children 1340–1347 Bavaria Regency of Louis IV, Duke of Bavaria (1312-19) Sons of Stephen I (Henry XIV and Otto VI) and Otto V (Henry XV), ruled jointly. Henry XIV the Elder 29 September 1305 1312–1339 1 September 1339 Lower Bavaria Margaret of Bohemia
12 August 1328
two children Otto VI 3 January 1307 1312–1334 14 December 1334 Lower Bavaria Richardis of Jülich
1330
one child Henry XV the Natternberger 28 August 1312 1312–1333 18 June 1333 Lower Bavaria Anna of Austria
between 1326 and 1328
no children Regency of Louis IV, Duke of Bavaria (1339-40) Left no male heirs, which allowed his cousin (and brother-in-law) Louis to reunite the Bavarian lands. John I the Child 29 November 1329 1339–1340 20 December 1340 Lower Bavaria Anna of Upper Bavaria
18 April 1339
Munich
no children Louis V the Brandenburger May 1315 1347–1349 18 September 1361 Bavaria Margaret of Denmark
1324
no children
Margaret, Countess of Tyrol
10 February 1342
Meran
four children The six sons of Louis IV, ruled jointly until 1349, when they divided the land: Louis V, Louis VI and Otto VII kept Upper Bavaria; William, Albert and Stephen Lower Bavaria. In 1351 Louis VI and Otto gave up their inheritance in Bavaria, in exchange of the Electoral dignity in Brandenburg. Having lost the Electorate of Brandenburg in 1373, Otto returned to Bavaria to claim new inheritance, and shared the part of Stephen II's sons (his nephews) in Landshut.
In Lower Bavaria, the three brothers divided the land again in 1353: Stephen kept Landshut, William and Albert shared Straubing, and from 1389 the two shared Straubing also with Albert I's son, Albert II.
1349–1361 Upper Bavaria Louis VI the Roman 7 May 1328 1347–1349 17 May 1365 Bavaria Cunigunde of Poland
before 1349
no children
Ingeborg of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
1360
no children 1349–1351 Upper Bavaria Otto VII the Lazy 1340/42 1347–1349 15 November 1379 Bavaria Catherine of Bohemia
19 March 1366
no children 1349–1351 Upper Bavaria 1375–1379 Bavaria-Landshut Stephen II the Representative 1319 1347–1349 13 May 1375 Bavaria Elisabeth of Sicily
27 June 1328
four children
Margaret of Nuremberg
14 February 1359
three children 1349–1353 Lower Bavaria 1353–1375 Bavaria-Landshut William I the Mad 12 May 1330 1347–1349 15 April 1389 Bavaria Matilda of England
1352
London
no children 1349–1353 Lower Bavaria 1353–1389 Bavaria-Straubing Albert I 25 July 1336 1347–1349 13 December 1404 Bavaria Margaret of Brzeg
after 19 July 1353
Passau
seven children
Margaret of Clèves
1394
Heusden
no children 1349–1353 Lower Bavaria 1353–1404 Bavaria-Straubing Albert II 1368 1389–1397 21 January 1397 Bavaria-Straubing Unmarried Meinhard I 9 February 1344 1361–1363 13 January 1363 Upper Bavaria Margaret of Austria
4 September 1359
Passau
no children Left no male descendants. After his death Upper Bavaria was divided between Bavaria-Landshut and Bavaria-Straubing. Definitively annexed by Bavaria-Landshut (1/2) and Bavaria-Straubing (1/2) Frederick I the Wise 1339 1375–1393 4 December 1393 Bavaria-Landshut Anna of Neuffen
1360
one child
Maddalena Visconti
2 September 1381
five children Ruled jointly. Shared rule, until 1379, with their uncle Otto VII. In 1392 the brothers divided the land once more. Frederick retained Landshut, Stephen kept Ingolstadt and John received Munich. Stephen III the Magnificent 1337 1375–1392 26 September 1413 Bavaria-Landshut Taddea Visconti
13 October 1364
two children
Anna of Neuffen
16 January 1401
Cologne
no children 1392–1413 Bavaria-Ingolstadt John II 1341 1375–1392 14 June/1 July 1397 Bavaria-Landshut Catherine of Gorizia
1372
three children 1392–1397 Bavaria-Munich Regencies of Maddalena Visconti and Stephen III, Duke of Bavaria (1393-1401), John II, Duke of Bavaria (1393-97), Ernest, Duke of Bavaria and William III, Duke of Bavaria (1397-1401) Annexed Ingolstadt in 1445. Henry XVI the Rich 1386 1393–1450 30 July 1450 Bavaria-Landshut Margaret of Austria
25 November 1412
Landshut
six children Ernest 1373 1397–1438 14 June/1 July 1397 Bavaria-Munich Elisabetta Visconti
26 January 1395
Pfaffenhofen an der Ilm
four children Ruled jointly. William III 1375 1397–1435 12 September 1435 Bavaria-Munich Margaret of Cleves
1433
two children William II 5 April 1365 1404–1417 31 May 1417 Bavaria-Straubing Margaret of Burgundy
12 April 1385
Cambrai
one child Eldest son of Albert I. Louis VII the Bearded 1368 1413–1443 1 May 1447 Bavaria-Ingolstadt Anne de Bourbon-La Marche
1 October 1402
two children
Catherine of Alençon
1413
two children Imprisoned by his son, who was allied with Henry XVI. Died in prison. John III the Pitiless 1374 1417–1425 6 January 1425 Bavaria-Straubing Elizabeth I, Duchess of Luxembourg
11418
no children Son of Albert I. Contested Jacqueline, the heiress of the Wittelsbach possessions in the Low Countries, until his death. Definitively annexed by the remaining Bavarian duchies Albert III 27 March 1401 1438–1460 29 February 1460 Bavaria-Munich Agnes Bernauer
c. 1432?
(morganatic)
no children
Anna of Brunswick-Grubenhagen
22 January 1437
Munich
ten children Son of Ernest. Louis VIII the Hunchback 1 September 1403 1443–1445 7 April 1445 Bavaria-Ingolstadt Unmarried After his death Ingolstadt was annexed by Landshut. Definitively annexed by Bavaria-Landshut Louis IX the Rich 23 February 1417 1450–1479 18 January 1479 Bavaria-Landshut Amalia of Saxony
21 March 1452
Landshut
four children John IV 4 October 1437 1460–1463 18 November 1463 Bavaria-Munich Unmarried Son of Albert III, ruled jointly with his brothers Sigismund and Albert IV. Sigismund 26 July 1439 1460–1467 1 February 1501 Bavaria-Munich Unmarried In 1467, Sigismund created a smaller duchy with its center in Dachau, but left no descendants, and this duchy was merged again in Bavaria-Munich after his death. 1467–1501 Bavaria-Dachau Definitively annexed by Bavaria-Munich George I the Rich 15 August 1455 1479–1503 1 December 1503 Bavaria-Landshut Hedwig of Poland
14 November 1475
Landshut
five children Left no male descendants at his death. His duchy was annexed to Bavaria-Munich, which reunited the Bavarian duchy. Albert IV the Wise 15 December 1447 1460–1503 18 March 1508 Bavaria-Munich Kunigunde of Austria
3 January 1487
Munich
seven children Co-ruled with his brothers John IV and Sigismund. Reunited the duchy in 1503. In 1506 Albert decreed that the duchy should pass according to the rules of primogeniture. 1503–1508 Duchy of Bavaria William IV the Steadfast 13 November 1493 1508–1550 7 March 1550 Duchy of Bavaria Jakobaea of Baden
5 October 1522
Munich
four children Sons of Albert IV, the last Bavarian pair of brothers ruling together. Louis X 18 September 1495 1516–1545 22 April 1545 Duchy of Bavaria Unmarried Albert V the Magnanimous 29 February 1528 1550–1579 24 October 1579 Duchy of Bavaria Anna of Austria
4 July 1546
Regensburg
seven children William V the Pious 29 September 1548 1579–1597 7 February 1626 Duchy of Bavaria Renata of Lorraine
22 February 1568
Munich
ten children Maximilian I the Great 17 April 1573 1597–1651 27 September 1651 Duchy of Bavaria
(until 1623)
Electorate of Bavaria
(from 1623) Elisabeth of Lorraine
9 February 1595
Nancy
no children
Maria Anna of Austria
15 July 1635
Vienna
two children Children of William V. Maximilian I, was an ally of Emperor Ferdinand II in the Thirty Years' War. When the Elector of the Palatinate, Frederick V, head of a senior branch of the Wittelsbachs, became involved in the war against the Emperor, he was stripped of his Imperial offices and the Prince-elector title. Maximilian I was granted the Electorate of the Palatinate in 1623.
Albert VI inherited from his wife the lands of Leuchtenberg, and from 1646 reorganizes them as a new Bavarian duchy, the short-lived Duchy of Bavaria-Leuchtenberg.
Albert VI 26 February 1584 1646-1666 5 July 1666 Duchy of Bavaria-Leuchtenberg Mechtild of Leuchtenberg
(24 October 1588 – 1 June 1634)
8 December 1650
five children Regency of Albert VI, Duke of Bavaria (1651-1654) Son of Maximilian I. Ferdinand Maria 31 October 1636 1651-1679 26 May 1679 Electorate of Bavaria Henriette Adelaide of Savoy
8 December 1650
eight children Maximilian Philip Hieronymus 30 September 1638 1666-1705 20 March 1705 Duchy of Bavaria-Leuchtenberg Mauricienne Fébronie de La Tour d'Auvergne
(1652-1706)
1668
Château-Thierry
no children Son of Maximilian I, inherited his uncle Albert VI's possessions. His childless death led to the union of the Bavarian Leuchtenberg lands and the Electorate. Annexed to the Electorate of Bavaria Regency of Maximilian Philipp Hieronymus, Duke of Bavaria-Leuchtenberg (1679-1680) Took part in the War of the Spanish Succession on the side of France, against Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor. He was accordingly forced to flee Bavaria following the Battle of Blenheim and deprived of his Electorate on 29 April 1706. He regained his Electorate in 1714 by the Peace of Baden and ruled until 1726. Maximilian II Emanuel 11 July 1662 1679-1726 26 February 1726 Electorate of Bavaria Maria Antonia of Austria
15 July 1685
Vienna
three children
Theresa Kunegunda Sobieska
15 August 1694
Warsaw
(by proxy)
ten children Charles Albert 6 August 1697 1726-1745 20 January 1745 Electorate of Bavaria Maria Amalia of Austria
5 October 1722
Vienna
seven children Took on the House of Habsburg in the War of the Austrian Succession, again in combination with France, succeeding so far as to be elected Holy Roman Emperor in 1742 (as Charles VII). However, the Austrians occupied Bavaria (1742–1744), and the Emperor died shortly after returning to Munich. Maximilian III Joseph the Beloved 28 March 1727 1745-1777 30 December 1777 Electorate of Bavaria Maria Anna Sophia of Saxony
9 July 1747
no children As he had no children, was the last of the direct Bavarian Wittelsbach line descended from Louis IV. He was succeeded by the Elector of the Palatinate, Charles Theodore, who thereby regained their old titles for the senior Wittelsbach line—descended from Louis IV's older brother Rudolf I. Charles Theodore 11 December 1724 1777-1799 16 February 1799 Electorate of Bavaria
(merged with Electoral Palatinate) Elisabeth Augusta of Palatinate-Sulzbach
17 January 1742
Mannheim
one child
Maria Leopoldine of Austria-Este
15 February 1795
Hofburg, Innsbruck
no children Son of John Christian, Count Palatine of Sulzbach and Marie Anne Henriëtte Leopoldine de La Tour d'Auvergne.
Distant cousin of Maximilian III; Elector Palatine from 1743.
Charles Theodore was also childless, and was succeeded by a distant cousin, the Count Palatine of Zweibrücken, Maximilian IV Joseph—later King Maximilian I. Maximilian IV Joseph 27 May 1756 1799-1806 6 August 1806 Electorate of Bavaria
(merged with Electoral Palatinate) Augusta Wilhelmine of Hesse-Darmstadt
30 September 1785
Darmstadt
five children
Caroline of Baden
9 March 1797
Karlsruhe
eight children Son of Count Palatine Frederick Michael of Zweibrücken.
Distant cousin of Charles Theodore; Count Palatine of Zweibrücken from 1795.
In the chaos of the wars of the French Revolution, the old order of the Holy Roman Empire collapsed. In the course of these events, Bavaria became once again the ally of France, and Maximilian IV Joseph became King Maximilian I of Bavaria—whilst remaining Prince-Elector and Arch-steward of the Holy Roman Empire until 6 August 1806, when the Holy Roman Empire was abolished.
In 1918, at the end of the First World War in the German Revolution of 1918–1919, Bavaria became a democratic republic within the Weimar Republic; the name for the period of Germany from 1919 to 1933. Since then, the heads of government of Bavaria have been ministers-president.
Note that Dukes called Louis are usually numbered from Louis the Kelheimer (r. 1189–1231), although four Dukes of Bavaria had been called Louis before that. The same applies to Dukes called Otto, who are sometimes renumbered starting with Otto III, the first Wittelsbach Duke of Bavaria. The highest number has been used in this chart to minimise confusion, with one exception: Ludwig is the German for Louis, but Kings Ludwig I, II and III are not numbered XV, XVI and XVII.
The colours denote the Dukes, Electors and Kings over the following regions of Bavaria and under the following circumstances:
Dukes of Bavaria
Regents and pretenders to the Bavarian throne
Dukes of Lower Bavaria
Dukes of Upper Bavaria
Dukes of Bavaria-Lanshut
Dukes of Bavaria-Ingolstadt
Dukes of Bavaria-Munich
Dukes of Bavaria-Munich-Dachau
Dukes of Bavaria-Straubing
Dukes of Bavaria-Straubing, disputed
AGILOLFING Garibald I
540–555–591 Waldrada
of Neustria
531–572 Tassilo I
560–591–610 Romilda
of Friuli
died 611 Gisulf II
of Friuli
545–611 Garibald II
565–610–625 Geila
of Friuli Irmina
of Ören
died c. 707 Pfalzgraf
Hugobert
died 697 CAROLINGIAN Bertrada
of Prüm
670–721 Theodo I
uncertain Alpaida
c. 654 – 714 Pepin of
Herstal
635–714 Plectrude
died 718 Caribert
of Laon
died c. 762 Theodo II
625–680–716 AHALOLFING unknown
daughter Godfrey of
Alemannia
c. 650 – 709 Grimoald
?–716–725 Biltrude
fl. 725 Theobald
?–711–717 Tassilo II
?–716–719 Theodebert
685–702–719 Regintrud
c. 663 – 735 Huoching of
Alemannia
c. 675 – 744 Desiderius
of the Lombards
died 786 Rotrude
of Hesbaye
died 724 Charles
Martel
688–741 Swanachild
fl. 726 Hugbert
r. 725–736 Hnabi of
Alemannia
710–789 Odilo
?–736–748 Hiltrude of
the Franks
716–754 Bertrada
of Laon
c. 718 – 783 Pepin
the Short
714–768 Grifo
726–748–748–753 UDALRICHING Emma of
Alemannia
died c. 789 Gerold
725–794–799 Tassilo III
741–748–
788–796 Liutberga of
the Lombards
fl. 763 Hildegard
of Vinzgau
754–783 Charles I
the Great
748–788–
794–799–814 Desiderata
of the Lombards
fl. 770 Welf the
Elder
died c. 825 Ermengarde
of Hesbaye
778–818 Louis I
the Pious
778–817–
829–840 Judith
of Bavaria
797–843 Eticho of
Ammergau (great-grandson of Welf the Elder) Counrad I
of Auxerre
died 864 Lothair
795–814–
817–855 Louis II
the German
810–817–
865–876 Emma of
Altdorf
803–876 Gisela of
the Franks
c. 821 – 870 Eberhard
of Friuli
815–867 Charles
the Bald
823–877 Ermentrude
of Orléans
823–869 Engeldeo
r. 890–895 Henry of the
Golden Wagon Conrad II of
Transjurane
Burgundy
died 876 Louis III
the Younger
835–880–882 Charles II
the Fat
839–882–
887–888 Carloman
828–864–880 Liutswind Ernest of
the Nordgau Gisela
of Swabia Uruoch III
of Friuli
840–874 Ansgarde of
Burgundy
died c. 881 Louis II
of France
836–879 Adelaide
of Paris
853–901 Berengar I
of Italy
845–924 Rudolf I
of Altdorf LUITPOLDING Rudolf I of
Burgundy
859–912 Guilla of
Provence
died c. 924 Ota of the
Hessengau
c. 874 – 901 Arnulf I
850–887–899 Leopold I
r. 899–907 Cunigunde
of Swabia
878–918 Eberhard of
the Sülichgau
died c. 889 Ermentrude
of France
born c. 875 Charles
the Simple
879–929 Matilda of
Ringelheim
892–988 Gisela
of Friuli
876–913 Albert I
of Ivrea
died c. 829 Rudolf II
of Altdorf
died c. 990 OTTONIAN ARDENNE Rudolf II of
Burgundy
880–937 Bertha
of Swabia
907–966 Henry the
Fowler
876–936 Louis IV
the Child
893–899–911 Judith
of Friuli
born c. 888 Arnulf II
the Bad
r. 907–937 Berthold
900–938–947 Wiltrude
of Bergen Cunigunde
of France
c. 893 – 923 Wigeric of
Lotharingia
died c. 923 Berengar II
of Italy
died 966 Louis IV
of France
921–954 Gerberga
of Saxony
913–968 Welf II of
Altdorf
died 1030 Adelaide
of Italy
931–999 Otto I,
Holy Roman
Emperor
912–973 Edith of
England
910–946 Henry I
919–948–955 Judith of
Bavaria
925–985 Eberhard
r. 937–938 Henry III
the Younger
940–983–985–989 Hedwig of
the Nordgau
922–993 Sigfried of
the Ardennes
922–998 Adelaide
of Bellay Conrad I of
Burgundy
925–993 Matilda
of France
943–982 SALIAN ESTE Liudolf
of Swabia
930–957 Liutgarde
of Saxony
932–953 Conrad of
Lorraine
922–955 Henry II
the Quarreller
951–955–
976–985–995 Gisela of
Burgundy
955–1007 Adalbert
of Italy
932–971 Hermann II
of Swabia
died 1003 Gerberga of
Burgundy
966–1018 Albert Azzo II
of Milan
1009–1097 Cunigunde
of Altdorf
c. 1020 – 1054 Otto I
954–976–982 Otto of
Carinthia
died 1004 Henry II
973–995–1004–
1009–1017–1024 Cunigunde of
Luxembourg
975–1040 Henry V
?–1004–1009–
1017–1026 Sigfried I
of Nordheim Frederick of
Luxembourg
965–1019 Ermentrude
of Gielberg Liutgarde of
Luxembourg
955-c. 1005 Theophano
of Rome
955–991 Otto II,
Holy Roman
Emperor
955–983 Henry of
Speyer
died c. 992 Adelaide
of Metz
970–1046 Otto–
William of
Burgundy
958–1026 Bernard I
of Nordheim Henry VII
r. 1042–1047 Dirk III
of Holland
982–1039 Judith of
Flanders
c. 1033 – 1095 Welf I
c. 1037 –
1070–1077–
1096–1101 EZZONEN Matilda of
Germany
979–1025 Ezzo of
Lotharingia
955–1034 Conrad II,
Holy Roman
Emperor
990–1032 Gisela
of Swabia
990–1043 William V of
Aquitaine
969–1030 Agnes of
Burgundy
died 1068 Otto II
of Nordheim
1020–1061–
1070–1083 Richenza
of Swabia
c. 1025–1083 Swanhilde
of Holland Matilda
of Tuscany
1046–1115 Liudolf of
Lotharingia
1000–1031 Henry VI
the Black
1016–1026–
1042–1056 Agnes of
Poitou
1025–1077 Henry of
Frisia
c. 1055 – 1101 Gertrude of
Brunswick
c. 1060 – 1117 Arnold I
of Loon
c. 1050-c. 1130 Wulfhilde
of Saxony
1072–1116 Henry IX
the Black
1075–1120–1126 Welf II
the Fat
1072–1101–1120 Conrad I
c. 1020 – 1049 –
1053–1055 Conrad II
1052–1054–1055 Henry VIII
1050–1053–
1054–1055–
1061–1077–
1096–1106 Bertha
of Savoy
1051–1087 Arnold II
of Loon
died 1146 Richenza
of Nordheim
c. 1088 – 1141 Lothair III,
Holy Roman
Emperor
1075–1137 Babenberg Frederick I
of Swabia
c. 1050 – 1105 Agnes of
Waiblingen
c. 1072 – 1143 Leopold III
of Austria
1073–1136 Agnes of
Saarbrücken Frederick II
of Swabia
1090–1147 Frederick III
of Pettendorf Heilika
of Swabia Leopold II
the Generous
1108–1139–1141 Henry XI
Jasomirgott
1112–1141–
1156–1177 Gertrude of
Süpplingenburg
1115–1143 Henry X
the Proud
1108–1126–
1138–1139 WITTELSBACH Heilika of
Pettendorf-
Lengenfeld
c. 1103 – 1170 Otto IV of
Wittelsbach
1083–1156 Agnes
of Metz
c. 1114 – 1177 Louis I
of Loon
c. 1107 – 1171 Conrad of the
Palatinate
c. 1135 – 1195 Matilda
of England
1156–1189 Henry XII
the Lion
1129–1156–
1180–1195 Berthold I
of Istria
c. 1116 – 1188 Otto III
the Redhead
1117–1180–1183 Agnes
of Loon
1150–1191
regent
1183–1191 Agnes of
Hohenstaufen
1176–1204 Henry V of the
Palatinate
1173–1127 Hedwig of
Wittelsbach Louis V
the Kelheimer
1173–1189–1231 Ludmilla
of Bohemia
died 1240 HABSBURG Richardis
of Bavaria Cunigunde
of Andechs-
Merania Gertrude
of Merania
1185–1213 Andrew II
of Hungary
1177–1235 Otto IV
the Illustrious
1206–1231–1253 Agnes of the
Palatinate
1201–1267 Rudolf I,
Holy Roman
Emperor
1218–1291 Gertrude of
Hohenburg
c. 1225 – 1281 Matilda of
Guelders Hildegunde
of Eberstein Béla IV of
Hungary
1206–1270 Maria
Laskarina
c. 1206 – 1270 Louis VI
1229–1253–1294 Matilda of
Habsburg
1253–1304
regent
1294–1296 Judith of
Habsburg
1271–1297 Albert I
of Germany
1255–1308 Walram II
of Nassau
c. 1220 – 1276 Adelheid of
Katzenelnbogen Elizabeth
of Hungary
1236–1271 Henry XIII
1235–1253–1290 Elizabeth
of Bohemia
1292–1330 Albert II
of Austria
1298–1358 Adolf of
Germany
c. 1255 – 1208 Agnes
Piast Otto V
1261–1290–1312 Louis VII
1269–1290–1296 Judith of
Jawor and
Schweidnitz
1287–1320 Stephen I
1271–1290–1310 Beatrice
of Jawor and
Schweidnitz Louis VIII
1282–1340–1347
Upper Bavaria
1301–1340
Emperor Louis IV Margaret II, Countess of Hainaut
1290–1322 Margaret
of Bohemia
1296–1322 Albert III
of Austria
1349–1395 Mechtild
of Nassau
c. 1280 – 1323 Rudolf
the Stammerer
1274–1294–1317–1319 Henry XV
of Nattenberg
1312–1312–1331 Otto VI
1307–1312–1334 Henry XIV
the Elder
1305–1312–1339 Margaret
of Bohemia
1313–1341 William I
the Mad
1330–1353–1389
Lower Bavaria
1347–1353 Otto VII
the Lazy
1341–1375–1379
Upper Bavaria
1347–1351 Louis I
of Brzeg
1321–1398 Adolf of the
Palatinate
1300–1327 Margaret
Maultasch
of Tyrol
1318–1369 Louis IX
of Brandenburg
1315–1347–1361 Barnabò
Visconti
1321–1385 Stephen II
1319–1353–1375
Lower Bavaria
1347–1353 Elisabeth
of Sicily
1309–1349 John I
the Child
1329–1339–1340 Anna of
Bavaria
1326–1361 Louis X
the Roman
1328–1347–1353–1365 Albert I
1336–1353–1404
Lower Bavaria
1347–1353 Margaret
of Brzeg
1342–1386 Albert IV
of Austria
1377–1404 Rupert II of the
Palatinate
1325–1398 Meinhard
1344–1361–1363 Taddea
Visconti
1351–1381 Stephen III
1337–1392–1413
Landshut
1375–1392 John II
1341–1392–1397
Landshut
1375–1392 Catherine
of Gorizia
died 1391 Frederick
1339–1375–1393 Maddalena
Visconti
1366–1404 John III
the Pitiless
disputed
1374–1417–1425 William II
1365–1404–1417 Margaret
of Burgundy
1374–1441 Viridis
Visconti
1352–1414 Leopold III
of Austria
1351–1386 Stephen of
Simmern-
Zweibrücken
1385–1459 Anna of the
Palatinate
1346–1415 Rupert of the
Palatinate
1352–1410
King, 1400 Anne of
Bourbon and
La Marche
1380–1408 Louis XI
the Bearded
1368–1413–
1443–1447 Elisabeth
Visconti
1372–1432 Ernest
1373–1397–1438 William III
1375–1397–1435 Henry XVI
the Rich
1386–1393–1450 Margaret
of Austria
1395–1447 Jacqueline
disputed
1401–1417–
1432–1436 Ernest
the Iron
of Austria
1377–1424 Louis I of
Zweibrücken
1424–1489 Jeanne
of Croÿ
1435–1504 Louis III of the
Palatinate
1378–1436 Louis XII
the Hunchback
1403–1443–1445 Anna of
Brunswick-
Grubenhagen
1414–1474 Albert III
the Pious
1401–1438–1460 Eleanor of
Portugal
1434–1467 Frederick III,
Holy Roman
Emperor
1415–1493 Margaret
of Austria
1416–1486 Alexander of
Zweibrücken
1462–1514 Philip I
of Hesse
1504–1567 Louis IV of the
Palatinate
1424–1449 Margaret
of Bavaria
1442–1479 John IV
1437–1460–1463 Sigismund
1439–1467–1501
Munich
1460–1467 Albert IV
1447–1503–1508
Munich
1467–1503 Kunigunde
of Austria
1465–1520 Louis XIII
the Rich
1417–1450–1479 Amalia
of Saxony
1436–1501 Louis II of
Zweibrücken
1502–1532 Elisabeth
of Hesse
1503–1563 Clara
Gonzaga
1464–1503 Philip of the
Palatinate
1448–1508 Louis XIV
1495–1508–1545 Maximilian I,
Holy Roman
Emperor
1459–1519 George
the Rich
1455–1479–1503 Wolfgang of
Zweibrücken
1526–1569 Anna of
Hesse
1529–1591 Renée of
Bourbon
1494–1593 Antoine
of Lorraine
1489–1–1544 Elisabeth of
the Palatinate
1483–1522 Philip I
of Castile
1478–1506 Isabella
of Austria
1501–1526 Maria Jacobea
of Baden-
Sponheim
1507–1580 William IV
the Steadfast
1493–1508–1550 Ferdinand I,
Holy Roman
Emperor
1503–1564 Charles V,
Holy Roman
Emperor
1500–1558 William I
of Jülich-
Cleves-Berg
1516–1592 Maria of
Austria
1531–1581 Francis I
of Lorraine
1517–1545 Christina
of Denmark
1521–1590 Albert V
the Magnanimous
1528–1550–1579 Anna of
Austria
1528–1590 Joanna
of Austria
1547–1578 Philip II
of Spain
1527–1598 John I of
Zweibrücken
1550–1604 Magdalene
of Jülich-
Cleves-Berg
1533–1633 Philip Louis
of Neuburg
1547–1614 Anna of
Jülich-
Cleves-Berg
1552–1632 Charles III
of Lorraine
1543–1608 Claude of
France
1547–1575 Renata of
Lorraine
1544–1602 William V
the Pious
1548–1579–
1597–1628 Maria Anna
of Bavaria
1551–1608 Charles II
of Austria
1540–1590 Maria Anna
of Bavaria
1551–1608 Catherine
Michaela
of Spain
1567–1597 John II of
Zweibrücken
1584–1635 Charles I of
Zweibrücken-
Birkenfeld
1560–1600 Wolfgang
William of
Neuburg
1578–1653 Magdalene
of Bavaria
1587–1628 John William
of Jülich-
Cleves-Berg
1562–1609 Antonia of
Lorraine
1568–1610 Maria Anna
of Bavaria
1574–1616 Ferdinand II,
Holy Roman
Emperor
1578–1637 Christine
of France
1606–1663 Victor
Amadeus I
of Savoy
1587–1637 Philip III
of Spain
1578–1621 Margaret
of Austria
1584–1611 Magdalene
Catherine
of Zweibrücken
1607–1648 Christian I of
Birkenfeld-
Bischweiler
1598–1654 Philip
William
of Neuburg
1615–1690 Elisabeth
Amaile of
Hesse-
Darmstadt
1635–1709 John III
Sobieski
of Poland
1629–1696 Elisabeth
of Lorraine
1574–1635 Maximilian I
the Great
1573–1597–1651 Maria Anna
of Austria
1610–1665 Ferdinand III,
Holy Roman
Emperor
1608–1657 Maria Anna
of Spain
1606–1646 Christian II
of Zweibrücken
1637–1717 Augustus
of Sulzbach
1582–1632 Hedwig
Elisabeth
of Neuburg
1673–1722 James Louis
Sobieski
1667–1737 Ludwika
Karolina
Radziwiłł
1667–1696 Charles III
Philip of
Neuburg
1661–1742 Ferdinand
Maria
1636–1651–1679 Henriette
Adelaide
of Savoy
1636–1676 Maria Anna
of Austria
1634–1696 Philip IV
of Spain
1605–1665 Christian
Augustus
of Sulzbach
1622–1708 Eleonor
Magdalene
of Neuburg
1655–1720 Leopold I,
Holy Roman
Emperor
1640–1705 Margaret
Theresa
of Spain
1651–1673 Christian III
of Zweibrücken
1674–1735 Theodore
Eustace of
Sulzbach
1659–1732 Theresa
Cunigunde
Sobieska
of Poland
1676–1730 Maximilian II
Emanuel
1662–1679–1726 Maria
Antonia
of Austria
1669–1692 Joseph I,
Holy Roman
Emperor
1678–1711 Wilhelmine
Amaila of
Brunswick-
Lüneburg
1673–1742 Caroline of
Zweibrücken
1721–1774 Joseph
Charles of
Sulzbach
1694–1726 Elisabeth
Augusta
Sofia of
Neuburg
1693–1728 John
Christian
of Sulzbach
1700–1733 Maria
Henrietta
de la Tour
d'Auvergne
1708–1728 Charles
Albert
1697–1726–1745
Emp Charles VII, 1742 Maria Amalia
of Brunswick-
Lüneburg
1701–1756 Augustus III
of Poland
1696–1763 Maria
Josepha
of Saxony
1699–1757 Frederick
Michael of
Zweibrücken
1724–1767 Maria
Franziska
of Sulzbach
1724–1794 Frederick
William II
of Prussia
1744–1797 Elisabeth
Augusta of
Sulzbach
1721–1794 Charles
Theodore
1724–1777–1799 Francis I,
Holy Roman
Emperor
1708–1765 Maria
Theresa
of Austria
1717–1780 Maximilian III
Joseph
1727–1745–1777 Maria Anna
Sophia of
Saxony
1728–1797 Amalie of
Hesse-
Darmstadt
1754–1832 Charles
Louis of
Baden
1755–1801 Frederick
William III
of Prussia
1770–1840 Leopold II,
Holy Roman
Emperor
1747–1790 Maria Luisa
of Spain
1745–1792 Ferdinand I
of the Two
Sicilies
1751–1825 Maria
Carolina
of Austria
1752–1814 Ferdinand
Charles of
Austria-Este
1754–1806 Maria
Beatrice
of Este
1750–1829 Caroline
of Baden
1776–1841 Maximilian IV
Joseph
1756–1799–1825 Augusta
Wilhemine
of Hesse-
Darmstadt
1765–1796 Wilhelm
of Prussia
1783–1851 Ferdinand III
of Tuscany
1769–1824 Luisa of
Naples
and Sicily
1773–1802 Joseph
of Hungary
1776–1847 Francis IV
of Modena
1779–1846 Frederick
William IV
of Prussia
1795–1861 Elisabeth
Ludovika
of Bavaria
1801–1873 Ludwig I
1786–1825–1848–1868 Theresa
of Saxe-
Hildburghausen
1792–1854 Maria Anna
of Saxony
1799–1832 Leopold II
of Tuscany
1797–1870 Ludovika
of Bavaria
1808–1892 Elisbath
Franziska
of Austria
1831–1903 Charles
Victor of
Austria-Este
1821–1849 Amalia
Augusta of
Bavaria
1801–1877 Maximilian V
1811–1848–1864 Marie of
Prussia
1825–1889 Luitpold
1821–1912
regent
1886–1912 Augusta
Ferdinande
of Austria
1825–1864 Charles
Theodore
of Bavaria
1839–1909 Sophie
of Saxony
1845–1867 Ludwig II
the Fairy
Tale King
1845–1864–1886 Otto (VIII)
1848–1886–
1913–1916 Ludwig III
1845–1913–
1918–1921
regent
1912–1913
in pretence
1918–1921 Maria
Theresa of
Austria-Este
1849–1919 Rupert
1869–1955
in pretence
1921–1955 Marie
Gabrielle
of Bavaria
1876–1912 Maria
Draskovich
of Trakostjan
1904–1969 Albert VI
1905–1996
in pretence
1955–1996 Franz
1933–
in pretence
1996–
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