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Chamalal language - Wikipedia
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Northeast Caucasian language
Chamalal (also called Camalal or Chamalin) is an Andic language of the Northeast Caucasian language family spoken in southwestern Dagestan, Russia by approximately 5,100 ethnic Chamalals. It has three quite distinct dialects, Gadyri, Gakvari, and Gigatl.[3]
Chamalal has three distinct dialects: Gadyri (Gachitl-Kvankhi), Gakvari (Agvali-Richaganik-Tsumada-Urukh), and Gigatl (Hihatl). There are also two more dialects: Kwenkhi, Tsumada.
Gigatl (Hihatl) and Chamalal proper (with Gadyri, Gakvari, Tsumada and Kwenkhi dialects) are considered to be sublanguages.
Geographic distribution[edit]
The approximately 500 ethnic speakers live in eight villages in the Tsumadinsky District on the left bank of the Andi-Koisu river in the Dagestan Republic and in the Chechnya Republic. The speakers are mostly Muslim, primarily following Sunni Islam since the 8th or 9th century.
There are no countries with Chamalal as an official language.
Chamalal is spoken in southwestern Dagestan, Russia by indigenous Chamalals since the 8th or 9th century. The ethnic population is approximately 5,000, with around 5,100 speakers.[2] The language has a 6b (threatened) status.[4]
Chamalal is an unwritten language. Avar and Russian are used in school, and Avar is also used for literary purposes.
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- Blažek, Václav (2002). "The 'beech'-argument — State-of-the-Art". Historische Sprachforschung / Historical Linguistics. 115 (2): 190–217. JSTOR 41289089.
- Friedman, Victor (2005). "Review:The Indigenous Languages of the Caucasus, Volume 3: The North East Caucasian Languages, Part 1". The Slavic and East European Journal. 49 (3): 537–539. doi:10.2307/20058337. JSTOR 20058337.
- Greppin, John A. C. (1996). "New Data on the Hurro-Urartian Substratum in Armenian". Historische Sprachforschung / Historical Linguistics. 109 (1): 40–44. JSTOR 41288886.
- Harris, Alice C. (2009). "Exuberant Exponence in Batsbi". Natural Language & Linguistic Theory. 27 (2): 267–303. doi:10.1007/s11049-009-9070-8. JSTOR 40270318.
- Haspelmath, Martin (1996). "Review:The Indigenous Languages of the Caucasus, Vol. 4: North East Caucasian Languages, Part 2". Book Reviews. Language. 72 (1): 126–129. doi:10.2307/416797. JSTOR 416797.
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- Magomedova, P. T. (2004). "Chamalal". The Indigenous Languages of the Caucasus. Vol. 3: The North East Caucasian Languages, Part 1. pp. 3–65.
- Schulze, Wolfgang (2005). "Grammars for East Caucasian". Anthropological Linguistics. 47 (3): 321–352. JSTOR 25132340.
- Szczśniak, Andrew L. (1963). "A Brief Index of Indigenous Peoples and Languages of Asiatic Russia". Anthropological Linguistics. 5 (6): 1–29. JSTOR 30022425.
- Tuite, Kevin; Schulze, Wolfgang (1998). "A Case of Taboo-Motivated Lexical Replacement in the Indigenous Languages of the Caucasus". Anthropological Linguistics. 40 (3): 363–383. JSTOR 30028646.
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