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Minimum-gauge railway - Wikipedia
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Railway with a 15 inch track gauge
Two locomotives of the Whiskey River Railway, an attraction at Little Amerricka in Marshall, Wisconsin
Minimum-gauge railways are railways with track gauges smaller than those of narrow-gauge railways, primarily designed for light, industrial, or tourist transportation. The most common gauges for minimum-gauge railways include:
These railways have been developed for applications such as estate transport, mining, agriculture, and amusement parks, offering an economical and adaptable solution for restricted environments.[1][2]
The term was originally conceived by Sir Arthur Percival Heywood, who used it in 1874 to describe the principle behind his Duffield Bank Railway, specifically its 15 in (381 mm) gauge, distinguishing it from a narrow-gauge railway. Having previously built a small railway of 9 in (229 mm) gauge, he settled on 15 in (381 mm) as the minimum that he felt was practical.[1]
In general, minimum-gauge railways maximize their loading gauge, where the dimension of the equipment is made as large as possible with respect to the track gauge while still providing enough stability to keep it from tipping over. Standard-gauge railways have vehicles that are approximately twice, and in some cases nearly three times, the track gauge in width, but with minimum-gauge railways this can be as much as four times the width of the track as in some of the sugar cane railways of Australia. Minimum-gauge railways allowed for ease of mobility on battlefields, mines, and other restricted environments.
A number of 18 in (457 mm) gauge railways were built in Britain to serve ammunition depots and other military facilities, particularly during the First World War.
In South Australia the Semaphore to Fort Glanville Conservation Park includes a steam engine service that runs on an 18 in (457 mm) track.
In France, Decauville produced a range of portable track railways running on 400 mm (15+3⁄4 in) and 500 mm (19+3⁄4 in) tracks, most commonly in restricted environments such as underground mine railways, parks and farms.[2]
During World War II, it was proposed to expedite the Yunnan–Burma Railway using 400 mm (15+3⁄4 in) gauge, since such a small gauge can have the tightest of curves in difficult terrain.[3]
Distinction between ridable miniature and minimum-gauge railway[edit]
The major distinction between a miniature railway (US: 'riding railroad' or 'grand scale railroad') and a minimum-gauge railway is that miniature lines use models of full-sized prototypes. There are miniature railways that run on gauges as wide as 2 ft (610 mm), for example the Wicksteed Park Railway. There are also rideable miniature railways running on extremely narrow tracks as small as 10+1⁄4 in (260 mm) gauge, for example the Rudyard Lake Steam Railway. Around the world there are also several rideable miniature railways open to the public using even narrower gauges, such as 7+1⁄4 in (184 mm) and 7+1⁄2 in (190.5 mm).
Generally minimum-gauge railways have a working function as estate railways, or industrial railways, or providers of public transport links; although most have a distinct function in relation to tourism, and depend upon tourism for the revenue to support their working function.
Name Gauge Country Location Notes Decauville 400 mm (15+3⁄4 in) France Discontinued by Decauville Rufisque tramway 400 mm (15+3⁄4 in) France See Fifteen-inch gauge railway 15 in (381 mm) Prater Liliputbahn 15 in (381 mm) Austria Prater Park, Vienna, Austria The Valley Railway Adventure (Formerly the Evesham Vale Light Railway)) 15 in (381 mm) UK Evesham Country Park, Worcestershire Whistlestop Valley (Formerly Kirklees Light Railway) 15 in (381 mm) UK Kirklees, West Yorkshire Bure Valley Railway 15 in (381 mm) UK Aylsham to Wroxham, Norfolk Candy Cane Express 16 in (406 mm) Canada Santa's Village Family Entertainment Park, Bracebridge, Ontario Replica diesel locomotive with passenger cars, working as amusement park ride Alamogordo/Alameda Park Narrow Gauge Railway 16 in (406 mm) US The Toy Train Depot, Alamogordo, New Mexico Balboa Park Miniature Railroad 16 in (406 mm) US Balboa Park (San Diego), San Diego, California [4][5] Cedar Rock Railroad 16 in (406 mm) US Leander, Texas [6] Chippewa Valley Railroad 16 in (406 mm) US Carson Park (Eau Claire, Wisconsin), Eau Claire, Wisconsin Lakeland Amusement Park 16 in (406 mm) US Lakeland, Tennessee Defunct Little Florida Railroad 16 in (406 mm) US Central Florida Zoo & Botanical Gardens, Sanford, Florida Closed[7] Michigan AuSable Valley Railroad 16 in (406 mm) US Fairview, Michigan Defunct as of November, 2017[8] Old Smokey Train 16 in (406 mm) US Knoebels Amusement Resort, Elysburg, Pennsylvania [9] Pinconning and Blind River Railroad 16 in (406 mm) US Fairview, Michigan (1953–1973) [10] Pioneer Train 16 in (406 mm) US Knoebels Amusement Resort, Elysburg, Pennsylvania [11] Salt Mine Express 16 in (406 mm) US Strataca Salt Mine Adventure, Hutchinson, Kansas, 650 feet underground [12] Schnepf Farms 16 in (406 mm) US Schnepf Frams, Queen Creek. Arizona [13] Smokey Joe Railroad 16 in (406 mm) US Eastern Shore Threshermen & Collectors Association, Federalsburg, Maryland [14] Travel Town Railroad 16 in (406 mm) US Travel Town Museum, Los Angeles, California Whiskey River Railway 16 in (406 mm) US Little Amerricka, Marshall, Wisconsin Island Park Railway 16+1⁄2 in (419 mm) Canada Woodstock, New Brunswick [15] National Railway Museum 18 in (457 mm) Australia Port Adelaide, South Australia [16] Semaphore & Fort Glanville Tourist Railway 18 in (457 mm) Australia Semaphore, South Australia Operated by the National Railway Museum, Port Adelaide Aotea Railway 18 in (457 mm) New Zealand Aotea Lagoon, Porirua Bicton Woodland Railway 18 in (457 mm) UK United Kingdom Heath Park Tramway 455 mm (17+15⁄16 in)
18 in (457 mm) UK Cardiff [17] Romney, Hythe & Dymchurch Railway 15 in (381 mm) UK Kent, United kingdom Royal Arsenal Railway 18 in (457 mm) UK Sand Hutton Light Railway 18 in (457 mm) UK Steeple Grange Light Railway 18 in (457 mm) UK Sundown Adventure Land 18 in (457 mm) UK Retford, Nottinghamshire [citation needed] Terrific Train 18 in (457 mm) UK New Metroland, Gateshead, Tyne & Wear Billy Jones Wildcat Railroad 18 in (457 mm) US Oak Meadows Park and Vasona Park, Los Gatos, California [18] Collegeville and Southern Railway 18 in (457 mm) US [19] Fidalgo City and Anacortes Railway 18 in (457 mm) US Meadows and Lake Kathleen Railroad[20][21][22] 18 in (457 mm) US [23] Venice Miniature Railway 18 in (457 mm) US Venice Beach, California 1943–1968[24] Griffith Park & Southern Railroad 18+1⁄2 in (470 mm) US Griffith Park, Los Angeles, California Swanton Pacific Railroad 19 in (483 mm) US Swanton Pacific Ranch, Swanton, California Southern Fuegian Railway 500 mm (19+3⁄4 in) Argentina Geriatriezentrum am Wienerwald Feldbahn 500 mm (19+3⁄4 in) Austria Chemin de Fer Touristique du Tarn 500 mm (19+3⁄4 in) France Jardin d'Acclimatation railway 500 mm (19+3⁄4 in) France Petit train d'Artouste 500 mm (19+3⁄4 in) France Ledesma Mill Railway 20 in (508 mm) Argentina Province of Jujuy Partially 20 in[25] Stanley Park Miniature Railway 20 in (508 mm) Canada Stanley Park, Vancouver, British Columbia North Bay Railway 20 in (508 mm) UK Scarborough, North Yorkshire Shipley Glen Tramway 20 in (508 mm) UK Woburn Safari Park 20 in (508 mm) UK Coronado Railroad 20 in (508 mm) US Chase Creek Huff Puff and Whistle Railroad 20 in (508 mm) US Story Land, Glen, New Hampshire Krasnoyarsk Child Railway 20 in (508 mm) Russia Central Park, Krasnoyarsk[26][27] Pleasure Beach Express 21 in (533 mm) UK Blackpool, Lancashire Little Puffer Miniature Steam Train 1 ft 10 in (559 mm) US San Francisco Zoo, San Francisco, California [28] Orient Express 1 ft 10+3⁄4 in (578 mm) US Lakeside Amusement Park, Denver, Colorado [29][30] Large amusement railways[edit] Name Gauge Country Location Notes Park Railway Maltanka 600 mm (1 ft 11+5⁄8 in) Poland Poznań Śródka Roundabout - New Zoo, 2.4 miles (3.9 km), 4 stops Narrow Gauge Railway Museum in Wenecja 600 mm (1 ft 11+5⁄8 in) Poland Wenecja Wenecja - Biskupin, ~8 miles (13 km), 5 stops Assiniboine Park R.R. 2 ft (610 mm) Canada Winnipeg, Manitoba [31] Centreville Train 2 ft (610 mm) Canada Centreville Amusement Park, Toronto, Canada One replica steam locomotive with tender, five passenger cars Greater Vancouver Zoo Railway 2 ft (610 mm) Canada Greater Vancouver Zoo, Aldergrove, British Columbia Has two stations, stops only at one station Riverview Park Railway 2 ft (610 mm) Canada Riverview Park & Zoo, Peterborough, Ontario [32] Wildlife Express 2 ft (610 mm) Canada BC Wildlife Park, Kamloops, British Columbia Park Railway[broken anchor] 2 ft (610 mm) UK Alton Towers Park Defunct[33] 1953–1996 Wicksteed Park Railway 2 ft (610 mm) UK Wicksteed Park, Kettering, Northamptonshire Bayou Le Zoo Choo Choo 2 ft (610 mm) US Alexandria Zoological Park, Alexandria, Louisiana [34] Casey Jr. Circus Train 2 ft (610 mm) US Disneyland, Anaheim, California Century Flyer 2 ft (610 mm) US Conway Human Development Center, Conway, Arkansas C.P. Huntington No. 3 2 ft (610 mm) US Pullen Park, Raleigh, North Carolina [35] Emerson Zooline Railroad 2 ft (610 mm) US Saint Louis Zoo, St. Louis, Missouri Forest Park Miniature Railroad 2 ft (610 mm) US Fort Worth, Texas [36] Gatorland Express 2 ft (610 mm) US Gatorland, Orlando, Florida Grand Sierra Railroad 2 ft (610 mm) US Knott's Berry Farm, Buena Park, California Hermann Park Railroad 2 ft (610 mm) US Hermann Park, Houston, Texas Two miles (3.2 km) of track, three stops Kennedy Express 2 ft (610 mm) US Kennedy Park (Hayward, California), Hayward, California Oregon Pacific Railroad 2 ft (610 mm) US Oaks Amusement Park, Portland, Oregon [37] San Antonio Zoo Eagle 2 ft (610 mm) US Brackenridge Park, San Antonio, Texas [38] Tauber Family Railroad 2 ft (610 mm) US Detroit Zoo, Royal Oak, Michigan Donated by The Detroit News about 1931 and also supported by Chrysler Motors, zoo patrons and fares[39] Turtle Back Junction 2 ft (610 mm) US Turtle Back Zoo, West Orange, New Jersey Two C.P. Huntington Trains[40] Van Saun Park Railroad 2 ft (610 mm) US Paramus, New Jersey Three Allan Herschell S-24 2 ft (610 mm) narrow-gauge Iron Horse trains Zoo Train 2 ft (610 mm) US Santa Barbara Zoo, Santa Barbara, California Zoofari Express 2 ft (610 mm) US Museum of Life and Science, Durham, North Carolina BuJu Line 2 ft 6 in (762 mm) US Burke Junction, Cameron Park, California [41] Fort Wilderness Railroad 2 ft 6 in (762 mm) US Walt Disney World, Bay Lake, Florida Defunct Mine Train Through Nature's Wonderland 2 ft 6 in (762 mm) US Disneyland, Anaheim, California Defunct Omaha Zoo Railroad 2 ft 6 in (762 mm) US Henry Doorly Zoo and Aquarium, Omaha, Nebraska Viewliner Train of Tomorrow 2 ft 6 in (762 mm) US Disneyland, Anaheim, California Defunct Washington Park & Zoo Railway 2 ft 6 in (762 mm) US Washington Park (Portland, Oregon), Portland, Oregon Disneyland Railroad (Paris) 3 ft (914 mm) France Disneyland Park (Paris), Paris Disneyland Railroad 3 ft (914 mm) US Disneyland, Anaheim, California The two original locomotives are 5:8-scale models of a full-size standard gauge locomotive.[42][43]
- ^ a b c Heywood, A.P. (1974) [1881, Derby: Bemrose]. Minimum Gauge Railways. Turntable Enterprises. ISBN 0-902844-26-1.
- ^ a b c Douglas J. Puffert (2009). Tracks across continents, paths through history: the economic dynamics of standardization in railway gauge. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. p. 186. ISBN 978-0-226-68509-0.
- ^ "TOY RAILWAY". The Northern Standard. Darwin, NT: National Library of Australia. 8 December 1939. p. 15. Retrieved 5 December 2011.
- ^ "Southeastern Railway Museum". Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 1 June 2016.
- ^ "Balboa Park Miniature Railroad - Balboa Park". Balboapark.org. Archived from the original on 30 May 2016. Retrieved 1 June 2016.
- ^ "Cedar Rock Railroad". Cedarrockrailroad.com. Retrieved 1 June 2016.
- ^ "Littl Florida Railroad & Animal Carousel". Centralfloridazoo.org. Retrieved 1 June 2016.
- ^ "Home". Michiganausablevalleyrailroad.com. Retrieved 1 June 2016.
- ^ "Crown Locomotive Roster (15"-24" Gauge)". Trainweb.org. Retrieved 1 June 2016.
- ^ "Pinconning & Blind River Railroad".
- ^ "Railway Preservation News • View topic - Rough and Tumble Engineers. Home Built Shay Railroad Video". Rypn.org. Retrieved 1 June 2016.
- ^ "Home". Underkansas.org. 14 May 2013. Retrieved 1 June 2016.
- ^ Sayre, Dave. "Schnepf Farms Railroad". Arizonaandpacificrr.com. Retrieved 18 November 2017.
- ^ "Eastern Shore Threshermen & Collectors Assoc., Inc". Threshermen.org. Retrieved 18 November 2017.
- ^ "The Miniature Railway". CEC: Closed Canadian Parks. Retrieved 8 July 2012.
- ^ "National Railway Museum - Port Adelaide". Natrailmuseum.org.au. Retrieved 1 June 2016.
- ^ "Cardiff Model Engineering Society". Cardiffmes.com. Retrieved 1 June 2016.
- ^ "Billy Jones Wildcat Railroad and W.E. "Bill" Mason Carousel — Billy Jones Wildcat Railroad and W.E. "Bill" Mason Carousel". Bjwrr.org. Retrieved 1 June 2016.
- ^ "C&S RY: The Collegeville and Southern Railway". Home.sprynet.com. Retrieved 1 June 2016.
- ^ Meadows and Lake Kathleen Railroad
- ^ We Visit the Meadows & Lake Kathleen Railroad.
- ^ YouTube video: Meadows & Lake Kathleen Railroad.
- ^ "This is the official page for the Meadows & Lake Kathleen Railroad". Peak.org. Retrieved 1 June 2016.
- ^ "Media / Gallery". Bjwrr.org. 23 August 2013. Retrieved 1 June 2016.
- ^ Ledesma
- ^ Railways in Russia
- ^ in Russian
- ^ Little Puffer
- ^ Reporter-Herald A trip into history on the Lakeside Amusement Park train
- ^ Orient Express
- ^ "Spring, Summer, Fall Activities | Assiniboine Park Conservancy". www.assiniboinepark.ca.
- ^ "Riverview Park Features and Attractions". Retrieved 8 June 2018.
- ^ "Alton Towers Memories - Park Railway".
- ^ "Amenities - Alexandria Zoo". Thealexandriazoo.com. Retrieved 18 November 2017.
- ^ "Pullen Park - Raleigh". 2 May 2014. Retrieved 7 October 2016.
'C.P. Huntington C.P. #3' is the miniature train that operates at Pullen Park.
- ^ "Forest Park Miniature Railroad". Retrieved 6 May 2014.
- ^ Robert D. West (2 May 2014). "Farewell is not Forever - Part 4: Oaks Amusement Park". Retrieved 30 July 2014.
This train replaced a Miniature Train & Railroad Company G-16 that was installed in 1956. The G-16 ran on 16" gauge track, and resembled a diesel locomotive, painted in the colors of the Union Pacific Railroad. The track is dual-gauge: 16" for the former train and 24" for the current one. The train operates on a 2,600 foot oval-shaped loop that encircles the picnic areas.
- ^ "San Antonio Zoo Eagle". Sazoo-aq.org. Retrieved 1 June 2016.
- ^ "Tauber Family Railroad - Detroit Zoo". Detroitzoo.org. Retrieved 18 November 2017.
- ^ "Essex County Turtle Back Zoo". Turtle Back Zoo. Retrieved 7 August 2017.
- ^ "BuJu Line – official website". Retrieved 18 January 2019.
- ^ Broggie 2014, p. 112.
- ^ Broggie 2014, p. 220.
Track gauge (list) Minimum gauge
Narrow gauge
- 2 foot and 600 mm
- 2 ft 3 in (686 mm)
- 750 mm (2 ft 5+1⁄2 in)
- 760 mm (2 ft 5+15⁄16 in)
- 2 ft 6 in (762 mm)
- 800 mm (2 ft 7+1⁄2 in)
- 891 mm (2 ft 11+3⁄32 in) Swedish three foot
- 900 mm (2 ft 11+7⁄16 in)
- 3 ft (914 mm)
- 950 mm (3 ft 1+3⁄8 in) Italian metre gauge
- 1,000 mm (3 ft 3+3⁄8 in) metre gauge
- 1,050 mm (3 ft 5+11⁄32 in),
- 1,055 mm (3 ft 5+1⁄2 in),
- 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm)
- 1,093 mm (3 ft 7 in),
- 1,100 mm (3 ft 7+5⁄16 in),
- 1,200 mm (3 ft 11+1⁄4 in)
- 4 ft (1,219 mm)
- 4 ft 1 in (1,245 mm), Middleton Railway
- 4 ft 6 in (1,372 mm), Scotch gauge
- 4 ft 6+1⁄2 in (1,384 mm), Scotch gauge
- 4 ft 7+3⁄4 in (1,416 mm)
- 4 ft 8 in (1,422 mm), almost standard gauge
- 4 ft 8+1⁄4 in (1,429 mm)
- 1,432 mm (4 ft 8+3⁄8 in)
Standard gauge
Broad gauge
- 1,440 mm (4 ft 8+11⁄16 in)
- 1,445 mm (4 ft 8+7⁄8 in)
- 1,450 mm (4 ft 9+3⁄32 in)
- 4 ft 9+3⁄8 in (1,457 mm)
- 1,458 mm (4 ft 9+13⁄32 in)
- 4 ft 10+7⁄8 in (1,495 mm), Toronto gauge
- 5 ft / 1,524 mm and 1,520 mm (4 ft 11+27⁄32 in), Russian gauge.
- 5 ft 2+1⁄4 in / 1,581 mm and 5 ft 2+1⁄2 in / 1,588 mm, Pennsylvania gauge
- 5 ft 3 in (1,600 mm), Irish gauge
- 5 ft 4+1⁄2 in (1,638 mm), Baltimore gauge
- 1,668 mm (5 ft 5+21⁄32 in), Iberian gauge
- 5 ft 6 in (1,676 mm), Indian gauge
- 1,945 mm (6 ft 4+9⁄16 in), De Arend
- 7 ft 1⁄4 in (2,140 mm), Brunel gauge
- 3,000 mm (9 ft 10+1⁄8 in), Breitspurbahn
- 8,200 mm (26 ft 10+27⁄32 in), Lärchwandschrägaufzug
- 9,000 mm (29 ft 6+5⁄16 in), Krasnoyarsk ship lift
List of track gauge articles
Gauge differences
Transport mode
Categories
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