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1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane - Wikipedia

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1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane

Arklone P
CFC-113
Freon 113
Frigen 113 TR
Freon TF
Valclene
1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane
TCTFE
Solvent 113

• 76-13-1 ^Y

3D model (

)

• Interactive image

• ChEMBL478511 ^Y

• 6188 ^Y

• 6428

• 0739N04X3A ^Y

• DTXSID6021377

• InChI=1S/C2Cl3F3/c3-1(4,6)2(5,7)8

   ^Y

  Key: AJDIZQLSFPQPEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N

   ^Y

• InChI=1/C2Cl3F3/c3-1(4,6)2(5,7)8

  Key: AJDIZQLSFPQPEY-UHFFFAOYAE

• ClC(F)(F)C(Cl)(Cl)F

LC

(

)

(Permissible)

(Recommended)

(Immediate danger)

Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their

(at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

(

?)

Chemical compound

1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane, also called trichlorotrifluoroethane (often abbreviated as TCTFE) or CFC-113, is a chlorofluorocarbon. It has the formula Cl₂FC−CClF₂. This colorless, volatile liquid is a versatile solvent.^[5]

CFC-113 can be prepared from hexachloroethane and hydrofluoric acid:^[6]

C₂Cl₆ + 3 HF → CF₂Cl−CFCl₂ + 3 HCl

This reaction may require catalysts such as antimony, chromium, iron and alumina at high temperatures.^[7]

Another synthesis method uses HF on tetrachloroethylene instead.^[8]

CFC-113 is a very unreactive chlorofluorocarbon. It may remain in the atmosphere up to 90 years,^[9] sufficiently long that it will cycle out of the troposphere and into the stratosphere. In the stratosphere, CFC-113 can be broken up by ultraviolet radiation (UV, sunlight in the 190-225 nm range), generating chlorine radicals (Cl•), which initiate degradation of ozone requiring only a few minutes:^[10][11]

CClF₂CCl₂F → C₂F₃Cl₂ + Cl•

Cl• + O₃ → ClO• + O₂

This reaction is followed by:

ClO• + O → Cl• + O₂

The process regenerates Cl• to destroy more O₃. The Cl• will destroy an average of 100,000 O₃ molecules during its atmospheric lifetime of 1–2 years.^[12]

CFC-113 was one of the most heavily produced CFCs. In 1989, an estimated 250,000 tons were produced.^[5] It has been used as a cleaning agent for electrical and electronic components.^[12] CFC-113’s low flammability and low toxicity made it ideal for use as a cleaner for delicate electrical equipment, fabrics, and metals. It would not harm the product it was cleaning, ignite with a spark or react with other chemicals.^[13] It was used as a dry-cleaning solvent, as an alternative to perchloroethylene, introduced by Du Pont in March 1961 as "Valclene"^[14] and was also marketed as the "solvent of the future" by Imperial Chemical Industries in the 1970s under the tradename "Arklone". Others from this series were Perklone (Tetrachloroethylene), Triklone (Trichloroethylene), Methoklone (Dichloromethane) and Genklene (1,1,1-Trichloroethane).^[15][16]

CFC-113 is one of the three most popular CFCs, along with CFC-11 and CFC-12.^[17]

CFC-113 in laboratory analytics has been replaced by other solvents.^[18]

Reduction of CFC-113 with zinc gives chlorotrifluoroethylene:^[5]

CFCl₂−CClF₂ + Zn → CClF=CF₂ + ZnCl₂

Aside from its immense environmental impacts, Freon 113, like most chlorofluoroalkanes, forms phosgene gas when exposed to a naked flame.^[19]

• 1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane

1. ^ ^{a b c d e} NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0632". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
2. ^ Touloukian, Y.S., Liley, P.E., and Saxena, S.C. Thermophysical properties of matter - the TPRC data series. Volume 3. Thermal conductivity - nonmetallic liquids and gases. Data book. 1970.
3. ^ "1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane". Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
4. ^ Safety Data Sheet fishersci.com
5. ^ ^{a b c} Siegemund, Günter; Schwertfeger, Werner; Feiring, Andrew; Smart, Bruce; Behr, Fred; Vogel, Herward; McKusick, Blaine (2002). "Fluorine Compounds, Organic". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a11_349. ISBN 978-3-527-30673-2.
6. ^ Social and Economic Implications of Controlling the Use of Chlorofluorocarbons in the EEC pitt.edu
7. ^ Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. 4th ed. Volumes 1: New York, NY. John Wiley and Sons, 1991-Present., p. V11 507 (1994)
8. ^ Robert D. Ashford: Ashford's Dictionary of Industrial Chemicals, p. 1131. 2nd Edition. Wavelength Publications, 2001
9. ^ "Global Change 2: Climate Change". University of Michigan. January 4, 2006. Archived from the original on 2008-04-20. Retrieved 2008-05-28.
10. ^ Molina, Mario J. (1996). "Role of chlorine in the stratospheric chemistry". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 68 (9): 1749–1756. doi:10.1351/pac199668091749. S2CID 22107229.
11. ^ "Guides | SEDAC".
12. ^ ^{a b} "Chlorofluorocarbons". Columbia Encyclopedia. 2008. Retrieved 2008-05-28.
13. ^ "Guides | SEDAC". sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu.
14. ^ Coin-Op 1961-04: Vol 2 Iss 4 P. 61
15. ^ Industrial Finishing and Surface Coatings. (1973). UK: Wheatland journals, Limited.
16. ^ Morrison, R. D., Murphy, B. L. (2013). Chlorinated Solvents: A Forensic Evaluation. Royal Society of Chemistry
17. ^ Zumdahl, Steven (1995). Chemical Principles. Lexington: D. C. Heath. ISBN 978-0-669-39321-7.
18. ^ "Use of Ozone Depleting Substances in Laboratories. TemaNord 516/2003" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-02-27. Retrieved 2008-05-06.
19. ^ "False Alarms: The Legacy of Phosgene Gas". HVAC School. Retrieved 9 May 2022.

• v
• t
• e

• v
• t
• e

Salts and covalent derivatives of the

ion

• AgPF₆
• KAsF₆
• LiAsF₆
• NaAsF₆
• HPF₆
• HSbF₆
• NH₄PF₆
• LiSbF₆
• KPF₆
• KSbF₆
• LiPF₆
• NaPF₆
• NaSbF₆
• TlPF₆

• (NH₄)₃[AlF₆]
• Cs₂AlF₅
• Li₃AlF₆
• K₃AlF₆
• Na₃AlF₆

• BaClF
• SiIBrClF
• CFN
• ClFO₂

• BaSiF₆
• BaGeF₆
• (NH₄)₂SiF₆
• Na₂[SiF₆]
• K₂[SiF₆]
• Li₂GeF₆
• Li₂SiF₆

• BrOF₃
• BrO₂F
• BrO₃F
• NdOF
• LaOF
• ThOF₂
• VOF
  ₃
• TcO
  ₃F
• PrOF
• WOF
  ₄
• YOF
• ClOF₃
• ClO₂F₃

• CBrF₃
• CBr₂F₂
• CBr₃F
• CClF₃
• CCl₂F₂
• CCl₃F
• CF₂O
• CF₃I
• CHF₃
• CH₂F₂
• CH₃F
• C₂Cl₃F₃
• C₂H₃F
• C₆H₅F
• C₇H₅F₃
• C₁₅F₃₃N
• C₃H₅F
• C₆H₁₁F

• VOF₃
• CrOF₄
• CrF₂O₂
• NH₄F
• (NH₄)₃CrF₆
• (NH₄)₃GaF₆
• (NH₄)₂GeF₆
• (NH₄)₃FeF₆
• (NH₄)₃InF₆
• NH₄NbF₆
• (NH₄)₂SnF₆
• NH₄TaF₆
• (NH₄)₃VF₆
• (NH₄)₂ZrF₆
• CsXeF₇
• Li₂SnF₆
• Li₂TiF₆
• LiWF₆
• Li₂ZrF₆
• K₂TiF₆
• Rb₂TiF₆
• Na₂TiF₆
• Na₂ZrF₆
• K₂NbF₇
• K₂TaF₇
• K₂ZrF₆
• UO₂F₂

• FNO
• FNO₂
• FNO₃

• KHF₂
• NaHF₂
• NH₄HF₂

• F₂OS
• F₃OP
• PSF₃
• IOF₃
• IO₃F
• IOF₅
• IO₂F
• IO₂F₃

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