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Showing content from https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/ranges/../../cpp/symbol_index/../filesystem/hard_link_count.html below:

std::filesystem::hard_link_count - cppreference.com

Returns the number of hard links for the filesystem object identified by path p.

The non-throwing overload returns static_cast<uintmax_t>(-1) on errors.

[edit] Parameters p - path to examine ec - out-parameter for error reporting in the non-throwing overload [edit] Return value

The number of hard links for p.

[edit] Exceptions

Any overload not marked noexcept may throw std::bad_alloc if memory allocation fails.

1)

Throws

std::filesystem::filesystem_error

on underlying OS API errors, constructed with

p

as the first path argument and the OS error code as the error code argument.

2)

Sets a

std::error_code&

parameter to the OS API error code if an OS API call fails, and executes

ec.clear()

if no errors occur.

[edit] Example
#include <filesystem>
#include <iostream>
namespace fs = std::filesystem;
 
int main()
{
    // On a POSIX-style filesystem, each directory has at least 2 hard links:
    // itself and the special member pathname "."
    fs::path p = fs::current_path();
    std::cout << "Number of hard links for current path is "
              << fs::hard_link_count(p) << '\n';
 
    // Each ".." is a hard link to the parent directory, so the total number
    // of hard links for any directory is 2 plus number of direct subdirectories
    p = fs::current_path() / ".."; // Each dot-dot is a hard link to parent
    std::cout << "Number of hard links for .. is "
              << fs::hard_link_count(p) << '\n';
}

Possible output:

Number of hard links for current path is 2
Number of hard links for .. is 3
[edit] See also creates a hard link
(function) [edit] returns the number of hard links referring to the file to which the directory entry refers
(public member function of std::filesystem::directory_entry) [edit]

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