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va_arg - cppreference.com

T va_arg( std::va_list ap, T );

The va_arg macro expands to an expression of type T that corresponds to the next parameter from the va_list ap.

Prior to calling va_arg, ap must be initialized by a call to either va_start or va_copy, with no intervening call to va_end. Each invocation of the va_arg macro modifies ap to point to the next variable argument.

If the type of the next argument in ap (after promotions) is not compatible with T, the behavior is undefined, unless:

• one type is a signed integer type, the other type is the corresponding unsigned integer type, and the value is representable in both types; or
• one type is pointer to void and the other is a pointer to a character type (char, signed char, or unsigned char).

If va_arg is called when there are no more arguments in ap, the behavior is undefined.

The next variable parameter in ap.

#include <cstdarg>
#include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>
 
void print_variance(std::size_t count, const char* fmt, ...)
{
    double sum = 0;
    double sum_sq = 0;
    std::va_list args;
    va_start(args, fmt);
    for (std::size_t i = count; i--;)
    {
        double num = va_arg(args, double);
        sum += num;
        sum_sq += num*num;
    }
    va_end(args);
    std::printf(fmt, sum_sq / count - (sum / count) * (sum / count));
}
 
void nano_printf(const char* fmt, ...)
{
    std::va_list args;
    va_start(args, fmt);
 
    for (const char* p = fmt; *p != '\0'; ++p)
    {
        switch (*p)
        {
        case '%':
            switch (*++p) // read format symbol
            {
                case 'i':
                    std::cout << va_arg(args, int);
                    continue;
                case 'f':
                    std::cout << va_arg(args, double);
                    continue;
                case 's':
                    std::cout << va_arg(args, const char*);
                    continue;
                case 'c':
                    std::cout << static_cast<char>(va_arg(args, int));
                    continue;
                case '%':
                    std::cout << '%';
                    continue;
                /* ...more cases... */
            }
            break; // format error...
        case '\n':
            std::cout << '\n';
            continue;
        case '\t':
            std::cout << '\t';
            continue;
        /* ...more cases... */
        }
        std::cout << *p;
    }
 
    va_end(args);
}
 
int main()
{
    print_variance(4, "%f\n", 25.0, 27.3, 26.9, 25.7);
    nano_printf("Args: %i%% %c%f %s\n", 42, '#', 3.14, "C++");
}

Output:

0.846875
Args: 42% #3.14 C++

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