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Showing content from https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/../ranges/../numeric/math/abs.html below:

std::abs, std::labs, std::llabs, std::imaxabs - cppreference.com

int abs( int num );

(1) (constexpr since C++23)

long abs( long num );

(2) (constexpr since C++23)

long long abs( long long num );

(3) (since C++11)
(constexpr since C++23)

long labs( long num );

(4) (constexpr since C++23)

long long llabs( long long num );

(5) (since C++11)
(constexpr since C++23) (6) (since C++11)
(constexpr since C++23) (7) (since C++11)
(constexpr since C++23)

Computes the absolute value of the integer number num. The behavior is undefined if the result cannot be represented by the return type.

If std::abs is called with an unsigned integral argument that cannot be converted to int by integral promotion, the program is ill-formed.

[edit] Parameters [edit] Return value

The absolute value of num (i.e. |num|), if it is representable.

[edit] Notes

In 2's complement systems, the absolute value of the most-negative value is out of range, e.g. for 32-bit 2's complement type int, INT_MIN is -2147483648, but the would-be result 2147483648 is greater than INT_MAX, which is 2147483647.

[edit] Example

#include <climits>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <iostream>
 
int main()
{
    std::cout << std::showpos
              << "abs(+3) = " << std::abs(3) << '\n'
              << "abs(-3) = " << std::abs(-3) << '\n';
 
//  std::cout << std::abs(INT_MIN); // undefined behavior on 2's complement systems
}

Output:

abs(+3) = +3
abs(-3) = +3

[edit] Defect reports

The following behavior-changing defect reports were applied retroactively to previously published C++ standards.

DR Applied to Behavior as published Correct behavior LWG 2192 C++98 overloads of std::abs were
inconsistently declared in two headers declared these overloads
in both headers [edit] See also

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