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Showing content from https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/../named_req/../string/basic_string/size.html below:

std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::size, std::basic_string<CharT,Traits,Allocator>::length - cppreference.com

size_type size() const;

(1) (noexcept since C++11)
(constexpr since C++20)

size_type length() const;

(2) (noexcept since C++11)
(constexpr since C++20)

Returns the number of CharT elements in the string, i.e. std::distance(begin(), end()).

[edit] Parameters

(none)

[edit] Return value

The number of CharT elements in the string.

[edit] Complexity

Unspecified

(until C++11)

Constant

(since C++11) [edit] Notes

For std::string, the elements are bytes (objects of type char), which are not the same as characters if a multibyte encoding such as UTF-8 is used.

[edit] Example 
#include <cassert>
#include <iterator>
#include <string>
 
int main()
{
    std::string s("Exemplar");
    assert(8 == s.size());
    assert(s.size() == s.length());
    assert(s.size() == static_cast<std::string::size_type>(
        std::distance(s.begin(), s.end())));
 
    std::u32string a(U"ハロー・ワールド"); // 8 code points
    assert(8 == a.size()); // 8 code units in UTF-32
 
    std::u16string b(u"ハロー・ワールド"); // 8 code points
    assert(8 == b.size()); // 8 code units in UTF-16
 
    std::string c("ハロー・ワールド"); // 8 code points
    assert(24 == c.size()); // 24 code units in UTF-8
 
    #if __cpp_lib_char8_t >= 201907L
    std::u8string d(u8"ハロー・ワールド"); // 8 code points
    assert(24 == d.size()); // 24 code units in UTF-8
    #endif
}
[edit] See also checks whether the string is empty
(public member function) [edit] returns the maximum number of characters
(public member function) [edit] returns the number of characters
(public member function of std::basic_string_view<CharT,Traits>) [edit]

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