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Showing content from https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/../named_req/../error/../string/basic_string/stof.html below:

std::stof, std::stod, std::stold - cppreference.com

Interprets a floating point value in a string str.

Let ptr be an internal (to the conversion functions) pointer of type char* (1,3,5) or wchar_t* (2,4,6), accordingly.

Function discards any whitespace characters (as determined by std::isspace) until first non-whitespace character is found. Then it takes as many characters as possible to form a valid floating-point representation and converts them to a floating-point value. The valid floating-point value can be one of the following:

decimal floating-point expression. It consists of the following parts:

(optional) plus or minus sign
nonempty sequence of decimal digits optionally containing decimal-point character (as determined by the current C locale) (defines significand)
(optional) e or E followed with optional minus or plus sign and nonempty sequence of decimal digits (defines exponent to base 10)

hexadecimal floating-point expression. It consists of the following parts:

(optional) plus or minus sign
0x or 0X
nonempty sequence of hexadecimal digits optionally containing a decimal-point character (as determined by the current C locale) (defines significand)
(optional) p or P followed with optional minus or plus sign and nonempty sequence of decimal digits (defines exponent to base 2)

infinity expression. It consists of the following parts:

(optional) plus or minus sign
INF or INFINITY ignoring case

not-a-number expression. It consists of the following parts:

(optional) plus or minus sign
NAN or NAN(char_sequence ) ignoring case of the NAN part. char_sequence can only contain digits, Latin letters, and underscores. The result is a quiet NaN floating-point value.

any other expression that may be accepted by the currently installed C locale.

If pos is not a null pointer, then ptr will receive the address of the first unconverted character in str.c_str(), and the index of that character will be calculated and stored in *pos, giving the number of characters that were processed by the conversion.

[edit] Parameters str - the string to convert pos - address of an integer to store the number of characters processed [edit] Return value

The string converted to the specified floating point type.

[edit] Exceptions

std::invalid_argument if no conversion could be performed.

std::out_of_range if the converted value would fall out of the range of the result type or if the underlying function (std::strtof, std::strtod or std::strtold) sets errno to ERANGE.

[edit] Example [edit] Defect reports

The following behavior-changing defect reports were applied retroactively to previously published C++ standards.

[edit] See also converts a string to a signed integer
(function) [edit] converts a string to an unsigned integer
(function) [edit] converts a character sequence to an integer or floating-point value
(function) [edit]

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