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Showing content from https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/../io/basic_stringbuf/../basic_streambuf/sputbackc.html below:

std::basic_streambuf<CharT,Traits>::sputbackc - cppreference.com

int_type sputbackc( char_type c );

Puts back a character back to the get area.

If a putback position is available in the get area (gptr() > eback()), and the character c is equal to the character one position to the left of gptr() (as determined by Traits::eq(c, gptr()[-1]), then simply decrements the next pointer (gptr()).

Otherwise, calls pbackfail(Traits::to_int_type(c)) to either back up the get area or to modify both the get area and possibly the associated character sequence.

The I/O stream function basic_istream::putback is implemented in terms of this function.

If putback position was available, returns the character that the next pointer is now pointing at, converted to int_type with Traits::to_int_type(*gptr()). The next single-character input from this streambuf will return this character.

If putback position was not available, returns what pbackfail() returns, which is Traits::eof() on failure.

#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
 
int main()
{
    std::stringstream s("abcdef"); // gptr() points to 'a' in "abcdef"
    std::cout << "Before putback, string holds " << s.str() << '\n';
    char c1 = s.get(); // c1 = 'a', gptr() now points to 'b' in "abcdef"
    char c2 = s.rdbuf()->sputbackc('z'); // same as s.putback('z')
                                         // gptr() now points to 'z' in "zbcdef"
    std::cout << "After putback, string holds " << s.str() << '\n';
    char c3 = s.get(); // c3 = 'z', gptr() now points to 'b' in "zbcdef"
    char c4 = s.get(); // c4 = 'b', gptr() now points to 'c' in "zbcdef"
    std::cout << c1 << c2 << c3 << c4 << '\n';
 
    s.rdbuf()->sputbackc('b');  // gptr() now points to 'b' in "zbcdef"
    s.rdbuf()->sputbackc('z');  // gptr() now points to 'z' in "zbcdef"
    int eof = s.rdbuf()->sputbackc('x');  // nothing to unget: pbackfail() fails
    if (eof == EOF)
        std::cout << "No room to putback after 'z'\n";
}

Output:

Before putback, string holds abcdef
After putback, string holds zbcdef
azzb
No room to putback after 'z'

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