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Showing content from https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/../error/error_code/../exception/../../io/io_errc.html below:

std::io_errc - cppreference.com

The scoped enumeration std::io_errc defines the error codes reported by I/O streams in std::ios_base::failure exception objects. Only one error code (std::io_errc::stream) is required, although the implementation may define additional error codes. Because the appropriate specialization of std::is_error_code_enum is provided, values of type std::io_errc are implicitly convertible to std::error_code.

#include <fstream>
#include <iostream>
 
int main()
{
    std::ifstream f("doesn't exist");
    try
    {
        f.exceptions(f.failbit);
    }
    catch (const std::ios_base::failure& e)
    {
        std::cout << "Caught an ios_base::failure.\n";
        if (e.code() == std::io_errc::stream)
            std::cout << "The error code is std::io_errc::stream\n";
    }
}

Output:

Caught an ios_base::failure.
The error code is std::io_errc::stream

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