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Showing content from https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/../error/error_code/../../numeric/valarray/tan.html below:

std::tan(std::valarray) - cppreference.com

template< class T > valarray<T> tan( const valarray<T>& va );

For each element in va computes tangent of the value of the element.

[edit] Parameters va - value array to apply the operation to [edit] Return value

Value array containing tangents of the values in va.

[edit] Notes

Unqualified function (tan) is used to perform the computation. If such function is not available, std::tan is used due to argument-dependent lookup.

The function can be implemented with the return type different from std::valarray. In this case, the replacement type has the following properties:

All const member functions of std::valarray are provided.
std::valarray, std::slice_array, std::gslice_array, std::mask_array and std::indirect_array can be constructed from the replacement type.
For every function taking a const std::valarray<T>& except begin() and end()(since C++11), identical functions taking the replacement types shall be added;
For every function taking two const std::valarray<T>& arguments, identical functions taking every combination of const std::valarray<T>& and replacement types shall be added.
The return type does not add more than two levels of template nesting over the most deeply-nested argument type.

[edit] Possible implementation

template<class T>
valarray<T> tan(const valarray<T>& va)
{
    valarray<T> other = va;
    for (T& i : other)
        i = tan(i);
 
    return other; // proxy object may be returned
}

[edit] Example

Output:

x           :  0.000000  0.100000  0.200000  0.300000
y = tan(x)  :  0.000000  0.100335  0.202710  0.309336
z = atan(y) :  0.000000  0.100000  0.200000  0.300000

[edit] See also

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