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Showing content from https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/../error/error_code/../../numeric/valarray/atan.html below:

std::atan(std::valarray) - cppreference.com

template< class T > valarray<T> atan( const valarray<T>& va );

For each element in va computes arc tangent of the value of the element.

[edit] Parameters va - value array to apply the operation to [edit] Return value

Value array containing arc tangents of the values in va.

[edit] Notes

Unqualified function (atan) is used to perform the computation. If such function is not available, std::atan is used due to argument-dependent lookup.

The function can be implemented with the return type different from std::valarray. In this case, the replacement type has the following properties:

All const member functions of std::valarray are provided.
std::valarray, std::slice_array, std::gslice_array, std::mask_array and std::indirect_array can be constructed from the replacement type.
For every function taking a const std::valarray<T>& except begin() and end()(since C++11), identical functions taking the replacement types shall be added;
For every function taking two const std::valarray<T>& arguments, identical functions taking every combination of const std::valarray<T>& and replacement types shall be added.
The return type does not add more than two levels of template nesting over the most deeply-nested argument type.

[edit] Possible implementation

template<class T>
valarray<T> atan(const valarray<T>& va)
{
    valarray<T> other = va;
    for (T& i : other)
        i = atan(i);
 
    return other; // proxy object may be returned
}

[edit] Example

Output:

x           :  0.100000  0.300000  0.600000  0.900000
f = atan(x) :  0.099669  0.291457  0.540420  0.732815
g = tan(f)  :  0.100000  0.300000  0.600000  0.900000

[edit] See also

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