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std::is_sorted_until - cppreference.com

template< class ForwardIt >
ForwardIt is_sorted_until( ForwardIt first, ForwardIt last );

Examines the range [first, last) and finds the largest range beginning at first in which the elements are sorted in non-descending order.

Finds the largest range whether elements are

with respect to

.

3) Finds the largest range whether elements are sorted with respect to comp.

2,4) Same as (1,3), but executed according to policy.

These overloads participate in overload resolution only if all following conditions are satisfied:

The signature of the comparison function should be equivalent to the following:

bool cmp(const Type1& a, const Type2& b);

While the signature does not need to have const&, the function must not modify the objects passed to it and must be able to accept all values of type (possibly const) Type1 and Type2 regardless of value category (thus, Type1& is not allowed, nor is Type1 unless for Type1 a move is equivalent to a copy(since C++11)).
The types Type1 and Type2 must be such that an object of type ForwardIt can be dereferenced and then implicitly converted to both of them. ​

The upper bound of the largest range beginning at first in which the elements are sorted in ascending order. That is, the last iterator it for which range [first, it) is sorted.

Returns last for empty ranges and ranges of length one.

Given \(\scriptsize N\)N as std::distance(first, last):

comparisons using

.

3,4) \(\scriptsize O(N)\)O(N) applications of the comparator comp.

The overloads with a template parameter named ExecutionPolicy report errors as follows:

• If execution of a function invoked as part of the algorithm throws an exception and ExecutionPolicy is one of the standard policies, std::terminate is called. For any other ExecutionPolicy, the behavior is implementation-defined.
• If the algorithm fails to allocate memory, std::bad_alloc is thrown.

See also the implementations in libstdc++ and libc++.

template<class ForwardIt>
constexpr //< since C++20
ForwardIt is_sorted_until(ForwardIt first, ForwardIt last)
{
    return std::is_sorted_until(first, last, std::less<>());
}

template<class ForwardIt, class Compare>
constexpr //< since C++20
ForwardIt is_sorted_until(ForwardIt first, ForwardIt last, Compare comp)
{
    if (first != last)
    {
        ForwardIt next = first;
        while (++next != last)
        {
            if (comp(*next, *first))
                return next;
            first = next;
        }
    }
    return last;
}

#include <algorithm>
#include <cassert>
#include <iostream>
#include <iterator>
#include <random>
#include <string>
 
int main()
{
    std::random_device rd;
    std::mt19937 g(rd());
    const int N = 6;
    int nums[N] = {3, 1, 4, 1, 5, 9};
 
    const int min_sorted_size = 4;
 
    for (int sorted_size = 0; sorted_size < min_sorted_size;)
    {
        std::shuffle(nums, nums + N, g);
        int *const sorted_end = std::is_sorted_until(nums, nums + N);
        sorted_size = std::distance(nums, sorted_end);
        assert(sorted_size >= 1);
 
        for (const auto i : nums)
            std::cout << i << ' ';
        std::cout << ": " << sorted_size << " initial sorted elements\n"
                  << std::string(sorted_size * 2 - 1, '^') << '\n';
    }
}

Possible output:

4 1 9 5 1 3 : 1 initial sorted elements
^
4 5 9 3 1 1 : 3 initial sorted elements
^^^^^
9 3 1 4 5 1 : 1 initial sorted elements
^
1 3 5 4 1 9 : 3 initial sorted elements
^^^^^
5 9 1 1 3 4 : 2 initial sorted elements
^^^
4 9 1 5 1 3 : 2 initial sorted elements
^^^
1 1 4 9 5 3 : 4 initial sorted elements
^^^^^^^

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