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Showing content from https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/../error/error_code/../../../cpp/io/manip/setfill.html below:

std::setfill - cppreference.com

template< class CharT > /*unspecified*/ setfill( CharT c );

When used in an expression out << setfill(c) sets the fill character of the stream out to c.

[edit] Parameters c - new value for the fill character [edit] Return value

An object of unspecified type such that

if out is an object of type std::basic_ostream<CharT, Traits>, the expression out << setfill(c)
- has type std::basic_ostream<CharT, Traits>&
- has value out
- behaves as if it called f(out, c)

where the function f is defined as:

template<class CharT, class Traits>
void f(std::basic_ios<CharT, Traits>& str, CharT c)
{
    // set fill character
    str.fill(c);
}

[edit] Notes

The current fill character may be obtained with std::ostream::fill.

[edit] Example

#include <iomanip>
#include <iostream>
 
int main()
{
    std::cout << "default fill: [" << std::setw(10) << 42 << "]\n"
              << "setfill('*'): [" << std::setfill('*')
                                   << std::setw(10) << 42 << "]\n";
}

Output:

default fill: [        42]
setfill('*'): [********42]

[edit] Defect reports

The following behavior-changing defect reports were applied retroactively to previously published C++ standards.

DR Applied to Behavior as published Correct behavior LWG 183 C++98 setbase could only be used with
streams of type std::ostream usable with any output
character stream [edit] See also manages the fill character
(public member function of std::basic_ios<CharT,Traits>) [edit] sets the placement of fill characters
(function) [edit] changes the width of the next input/output field
(function) [edit]

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