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Showing content from https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/../error/error_code/../../../cpp/io/c/getchar.html below:

std::getchar - cppreference.com

Reads the next character from stdin.

Equivalent to std::getc(stdin).

(none)

The obtained character on success or EOF on failure.

If the failure has been caused by end of file condition, additionally sets the eof indicator (see std::feof()) on stdin. If the failure has been caused by some other error, sets the error indicator (see std::ferror()) on stdin.

std::getchar with error checking. Exit program by entering ESC char.

#include <cctype>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <iomanip>
#include <iostream>
 
int main()
{
    for (int ch; (ch = std::getchar()) != EOF ;) // read/print "abc" from stdin
    {
        if (std::isprint(ch))
            std::cout << static_cast<char>(ch) << '\n';
        if (ch == 27) // 'ESC' (escape) in ASCII
            return EXIT_SUCCESS;
    }
 
    // Test reason for reaching EOF.
    if (std::feof(stdin)) // if failure caused by end-of-file condition
        std::cout << "End of file reached\n";
    else if (std::ferror(stdin)) // if failure caused by some other error
    {
        std::perror("getchar()");
        std::cerr << "getchar() failed in file " << std::quoted(__FILE__)
                  << " at line # " << __LINE__ - 14 << '\n';
        std::exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }
 
    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

Possible output:

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