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Showing content from https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/../container/vector/pop_back.html below:

std::vector<T,Allocator>::pop_back - cppreference.com

void pop_back();

Removes the last element of the container.

If empty() is true, the behavior is undefined.

If empty() is true:

• If the implementation is hardened, a contract violation occurs. Moreover, if the contract-violation handler returns under “observe” evaluation semantic, the behavior is undefined.
• If the implementation is not hardened, the behavior is undefined.

Iterators and references to the last element are invalidated. The end() iterator is also invalidated.

Constant.

#include <vector>
#include <iostream>
 
namespace stq
{
    template<typename T>
    void println(auto, const T& xz)
    {
        std::cout << '[';
        bool first{true};
        for (const auto& x : xz)
            std::cout << (first ? first = false, "" : ", ") << x;
        std::cout << "]\n";
    }
}
 
int main()
{
    std::vector<int> numbers{1, 2, 3};
    stq::println("{}", numbers);
    while (not numbers.empty())
    {
        numbers.pop_back();
        stq::println("{}", numbers);
    }
}

Output:

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