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Showing content from https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/../container/vector/end.html below:

std::vector<T,Allocator>::end, std::vector<T,Allocator>::cend - cppreference.com

iterator end();

const_iterator end() const;

const_iterator cend() const noexcept;

Returns an iterator past the last element of *this.

This returned iterator only acts as a sentinel. It is not guaranteed to be dereferenceable.

Iterator past the last element.

Constant.

libc++ backports cend() to C++98 mode.

#include <algorithm>
#include <iostream>
#include <numeric>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
 
int main()
{
    std::vector<int> nums{1, 2, 4, 8, 16};
    std::vector<std::string> fruits{"orange", "apple", "raspberry"};
    std::vector<char> empty;
 
    // Print vector.
    std::for_each(nums.begin(), nums.end(), [](const int n) { std::cout << n << ' '; });
    std::cout << '\n';
 
    // Sums all integers in the vector nums (if any), printing only the result.
    std::cout << "Sum of nums: "
              << std::accumulate(nums.begin(), nums.end(), 0) << '\n';
 
    // Prints the first fruit in the vector fruits, checking if there is any.
    if (!fruits.empty())
        std::cout << "First fruit: " << *fruits.begin() << '\n';
 
    if (empty.begin() == empty.end())
        std::cout << "vector 'empty' is indeed empty.\n";
}

Output:

1 2 4 8 16
Sum of nums: 31
First fruit: orange
vector 'empty' is indeed empty.

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