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Showing content from https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/../algorithm/../string/multibyte/mbrtoc32.html below:

std::mbrtoc32 - cppreference.com

Converts a narrow multibyte character to its UTF-32 character representation.

If s is not a null pointer, inspects at most n bytes of the multibyte character string, beginning with the byte pointed to by s to determine the number of bytes necessary to complete the next multibyte character (including any shift sequences). If the function determines that the next multibyte character in s is complete and valid, converts it to the corresponding 32-bit character and stores it in *pc32 (if pc32 is not null).

If the multibyte character in *s corresponds to a multi-char32_t sequence (not possible with UTF-32), then after the first call to this function, *ps is updated in such a way that the next calls to mbrtoc32 will write out the additional char32_t, without considering *s.

If s is a null pointer, the values of n and pc32 are ignored and the call is equivalent to std::mbrtoc32(nullptr, "", 1, ps).

If the wide character produced is the null character, the conversion state *ps represents the initial shift state.

The multibyte encoding used by this function is specified by the currently active C locale.

[edit] Parameters pc32 - pointer to the location where the resulting 32-bit character will be written s - pointer to the multibyte character string used as input n - limit on the number of bytes in s that can be examined ps - pointer to the conversion state object used when interpreting the multibyte string [edit] Return value

The first of the following that applies:

â0â if the character converted from s (and stored in *pc32 if non-null) was the null character.
the number of bytes [1...n] of the multibyte character successfully converted from s.
-3 if the next char32_t from a multi-char32_t character has now been written to *pc32. No bytes are processed from the input in this case.
-2 if the next n bytes constitute an incomplete, but so far valid, multibyte character. Nothing is written to *pc32.
-1 if encoding error occurs. Nothing is written to *pc32, the value EILSEQ is stored in errno and the value of *ps is unspecified.

[edit] Examples

Output:

Processing 10 bytes: [ 0x7a 0xc3 0x9f 0xe6 0xb0 0xb4 0xf0 0x9f 0x8d 0x8c ]
Next UTF-32 char: 0x7a obtained from 1 bytes [ 0x7a ]
Next UTF-32 char: 0xdf obtained from 2 bytes [ 0xc3 0x9f ]
Next UTF-32 char: 0x6c34 obtained from 3 bytes [ 0xe6 0xb0 0xb4 ]
Next UTF-32 char: 0x1f34c obtained from 4 bytes [ 0xf0 0x9f 0x8d 0x8c ]

[edit] See also converts a UTF-32 character to narrow multibyte encoding
(function) [edit] converts a string from ExternT to InternT, such as when reading from file
(virtual protected member function of std::codecvt<InternT,ExternT,StateT>) [edit]

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