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Showing content from https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/../algorithm/../ranges/../numeric/valarray/exp.html below:

std::exp(std::valarray) - cppreference.com

template< class T >
valarray<T> exp( const valarray<T>& va );

For each element in va computes e raised to the power equal to the value of the element.

Value array containing e raised by the values in va.

Unqualified function (exp) is used to perform the computation. If such function is not available, std::exp is used due to argument-dependent lookup.

The function can be implemented with the return type different from std::valarray. In this case, the replacement type has the following properties:

• All const member functions of std::valarray are provided.
• std::valarray, std::slice_array, std::gslice_array, std::mask_array and std::indirect_array can be constructed from the replacement type.
• For every function taking a const std::valarray<T>& except begin() and end()(since C++11), identical functions taking the replacement types shall be added;
• For every function taking two const std::valarray<T>& arguments, identical functions taking every combination of const std::valarray<T>& and replacement types shall be added.
• The return type does not add more than two levels of template nesting over the most deeply-nested argument type.

template<class T>
valarray<T> exp(const valarray<T>& va)
{
    valarray<T> other = va;
    for (T& i : other)
        i = exp(i);
 
    return other; // proxy object may be returned
}

This example demonstrates the Euler's identity eiπ
= -1 and the related exponents.

Output:

(+1.000000,+0.000000)
(+0.000000,+1.000000)
(-1.000000,+0.000000)
(-0.000000,-1.000000)
(+1.000000,-0.000000)

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