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Showing content from https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/../algorithm/../../cpp/../cpp/container/set/erase.html below:

std::set<Key,Compare,Allocator>::erase - cppreference.com

(1)

iterator erase( iterator pos );

(until C++23) iterator erase( iterator pos ) requires(!std::same_as<iterator, const_iterator>); (since C++23)
(constexpr since C++26)

iterator erase( const_iterator pos );

(2) (since C++11)
(constexpr since C++26) (3)

iterator erase( iterator first, iterator last );

(until C++11)

iterator erase( const_iterator first, const_iterator last );

(since C++11)
(constexpr since C++26)

size_type erase( const Key& key );

(4) (constexpr since C++26)

template< class K > size_type erase( K&& x );

(5) (since C++23)
(constexpr since C++26)

Removes specified elements from the container.

1,2) Removes the element at pos.

Only one overload is provided if iterator and const_iterator are the same type.

(since C++11)

3) Removes the elements in the range [first, last), which must be a valid range in *this.

4) Removes the element (if one exists) with the key equivalent to key.

5) Removes all elements with key that compares equivalent to the value x.

This overload participates in overload resolution only if

Compare

transparent

, and neither

iterator

nor

const_iterator

is implicitly convertible from

K

. It allows calling this function without constructing an instance of

Key

References and iterators to the erased elements are invalidated. Other references and iterators are not affected.

The iterator pos must be dereferenceable. Thus the end() iterator (which is valid, but is not dereferenceable) cannot be used as a value for pos.

[edit] Parameters pos - iterator to the element to remove first, last - the pair of iterators defining the range of elements to remove key - key value of the elements to remove x - a value of any type that can be transparently compared with a key denoting the elements to remove [edit] Return value

1-3) Iterator following the last removed element.

4) Number of elements removed (0 or 1).

5) Number of elements removed.

[edit] Exceptions

1-3) Throws nothing.

4,5) Any exceptions thrown by the Compare object.

[edit] Complexity

Given an instance c of set:

1,2) Amortized constant.

4) log(c.size()) + c.count(key)

5) log(c.size()) + c.count(x)

Notes [edit] Example

#include <set>
#include <iostream>
 
int main()
{
    std::set<int> c = {1, 2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 3, 4};
 
    auto print = [&c]
    {
        std::cout << "c = { ";
        for (int n : c)
            std::cout << n << ' ';
        std::cout << "}\n";
    };
    print();
 
    std::cout << "Erase all odd numbers:\n";
    for (auto it = c.begin(); it != c.end();)
    {
        if (*it % 2 != 0)
            it = c.erase(it);
        else
            ++it;
    }
    print();
 
    std::cout << "Erase 1, erased count: " << c.erase(1) << '\n';
    std::cout << "Erase 2, erased count: " << c.erase(2) << '\n';
    std::cout << "Erase 2, erased count: " << c.erase(2) << '\n';
    print();
}

Output:

c = { 1 2 3 4 }
Erase all odd numbers:
c = { 2 4 }
Erase 1, erased count: 0
Erase 2, erased count: 1
Erase 2, erased count: 0
c = { 4 }

Defect reports

The following behavior-changing defect reports were applied retroactively to previously published C++ standards.

DR Applied to Behavior as published Correct behavior
LWG 130 C++98 the return type of overloads (1) and (3) was void (it is not
consistent with the erase() requirement on sequence containers) corrected to iterator LWG 2059 C++11 replacing overload (1) with overload (2) introduced new ambiguity added overload (1) back [edit] See also clears the contents
(public member function) [edit]

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