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Showing content from https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/../algorithm/../../cpp/../c/string/byte/toupper.html below:

toupper - cppreference.com

Converts the given character to uppercase according to the character conversion rules defined by the currently installed C locale.

In the default "C" locale, the following lowercase letters abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz are replaced with respective uppercase letters ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ.

[edit] Parameters ch - character to be converted. If the value of ch is not representable as unsigned char and does not equal EOF, the behavior is undefined. [edit] Return value

Uppercase version of ch or unmodified ch if no uppercase version is listed in the current C locale.

[edit] Example

#include <ctype.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <locale.h>
#include <stdio.h>
 
int main(void)
{
    // in the default locale:
    for (unsigned char l = 0, u; l != UCHAR_MAX; ++l)
        if ((u = toupper(l)) != l)
            printf("%c%c ", l, u);
    printf("\n\n");
 
    unsigned char c = '\xb8'; // the character Å¾ in ISO-8859-15
                              // but Â¸ (cedilla) in ISO-8859-1
    setlocale(LC_ALL, "en_US.iso88591");
    printf("in iso8859-1, toupper('0x%x') gives 0x%x\n", c, toupper(c));
    setlocale(LC_ALL, "en_US.iso885915");
    printf("in iso8859-15, toupper('0x%x') gives 0x%x\n", c, toupper(c));
}

Possible output:

aA bB cC dD eE fF gG hH iI jJ kK lL mM nN oO pP qQ rR sS tT uU vV wW xX yY zZ
 
in iso8859-1, toupper('0xb8') gives 0xb8
in iso8859-15, toupper('0xb8') gives 0xb4

[edit] References

C23 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2024):

7.4.2.2 The toupper function (p: TBD)

C17 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2018):

7.4.2.2 The toupper function (p: 147-148)

C11 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2011):

7.4.2.2 The toupper function (p: 204)

C99 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:1999):

7.4.2.2 The toupper function (p: 185)

C89/C90 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:1990):

4.3.2.2 The toupper function

[edit] See also

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