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Showing content from https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/../algorithm/../../cpp/../c/string/byte/tolower.html below:

tolower - cppreference.com

Converts the given character to lowercase according to the character conversion rules defined by the currently installed C locale.

In the default "C" locale, the following uppercase letters ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ are replaced with respective lowercase letters abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz.

[edit] Parameters ch - character to be converted. If the value of ch is not representable as unsigned char and does not equal EOF, the behavior is undefined. [edit] Return value

Lowercase version of ch or unmodified ch if no lowercase version is listed in the current C locale.

[edit] Example

#include <ctype.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <locale.h>
#include <stdio.h>
 
int main(void)
{
    // In the default locale
    for (unsigned char u = 0; u < UCHAR_MAX; u++)
    {
        unsigned char l = tolower(u);
        if (l != u)
            printf("%c%c ", u, l);
    }
    printf("\n\n");
 
    unsigned char c = '\xb4'; // the character Å½ in ISO-8859-15
                              // but Â´ (acute accent) in ISO-8859-1
    setlocale(LC_ALL, "en_US.iso88591");
    printf("in iso8859-1, tolower('0x%x') gives 0x%x\n", c, tolower(c));
    setlocale(LC_ALL, "en_US.iso885915");
    printf("in iso8859-15, tolower('0x%x') gives 0x%x\n", c, tolower(c));
}

Possible output:

Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz
 
in iso8859-1, tolower('0xb4') gives 0xb4
in iso8859-15, tolower('0xb4') gives 0xb8

[edit] References

C23 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2024):

7.4.2.1 The tolower function (p: TBD)

C17 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2018):

7.4.2.1 The tolower function (p: 147)

C11 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2011):

7.4.2.1 The tolower function (p: 203)

C99 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:1999):

7.4.2.1 The tolower function (p: 184)

C89/C90 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:1990):

4.3.2.1 The tolower function

[edit] See also

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