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Showing content from https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/../../cpp/language/../utility/bitset/operator_at.html below:

std::bitset<N>::operator[] - cppreference.com

(1) (constexpr since C++11) (2) (constexpr since C++23)

Accesses the bit at position pos.

1) Returns the value of the bit.

If pos < size() is false, the behavior is undefined.

(until C++26)

If pos < size() is false:

If the implementation is hardened, a contract violation occurs. Moreover, if the contract-violation handler returns under âobserveâ evaluation semantic, the behavior is undefined.
If the implementation is not hardened, the behavior is undefined.

(since C++26) [edit] Parameters pos - position of the bit to return [edit] Return value

1) The value of the requested bit.

[edit] Exceptions

Throws nothing.

[edit] Example

#include <bitset>
#include <cstddef>
#include <iostream>
 
int main()
{
    std::bitset<8> b1{0b00101010}; // binary literal for 42
 
    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < b1.size(); ++i)
        std::cout << "b1[" << i << "]: " << b1[i] << '\n';
    b1[0] = true; // modifies the first bit through bitset::reference
 
    std::cout << "After setting bit 0, b1 holds " << b1 << '\n';
}

Output:

b1[0]: 0
b1[1]: 1
b1[2]: 0
b1[3]: 1
b1[4]: 0
b1[5]: 1
b1[6]: 0
b1[7]: 0
After setting bit 0, b1 holds 00101011

[edit] Defect reports

The following behavior-changing defect reports were applied retroactively to previously published C++ standards.

DR Applied to Behavior as published Correct behavior LWG 11 C++98 1. the description was missing in the C++ standard
2. there was only the non-const overload 1. description added
2. added the const overload LWG 907 C++98 the behavior of reading the bit at pos was equivalent
to that of test(pos), but test() may throw exceptions avoids mentioning test() [edit] See also accesses specific bit
(public member function) [edit]

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