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Showing content from https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/../../cpp/container/deque/shrink_to_fit.html below:

std::deque<T,Allocator>::shrink_to_fit - cppreference.com

void shrink_to_fit();

Requests the removal of unused capacity.

It is a non-binding request to reduce the memory usage without changing the size of the sequence. It depends on the implementation whether the request is fulfilled.

All iterators (including the end() iterator) and all references to the elements are invalidated.

At most linear in the size of the container.

If an exception is thrown other than by the move constructor of a non-CopyInsertable T, there are no effects.

In libstdc++, shrink_to_fit() is not available in C++98 mode.

#include <cstddef>
#include <deque>
#include <iostream>
#include <new>
 
// Minimal C++11 allocator with debug output.
template<class Tp>
struct NAlloc
{
    typedef Tp value_type;
 
    NAlloc() = default;
 
    template<class T> NAlloc(const NAlloc<T>&) {}
 
    Tp* allocate(std::size_t n)
    {
        n *= sizeof(Tp);
        std::cout << "allocating " << n << " bytes\n";
        return static_cast<Tp*>(::operator new(n));
    }
 
    void deallocate(Tp* p, std::size_t n)
    {
        std::cout << "deallocating " << n*sizeof*p << " bytes\n";
        ::operator delete(p);
    }
};
template<class T, class U>
bool operator==(const NAlloc<T>&, const NAlloc<U>&) { return true; }
template<class T, class U>
bool operator!=(const NAlloc<T>&, const NAlloc<U>&) { return false; }
 
int main()
{
    // std::queue has no capacity() function (like std::vector).
    // Because of this, we use a custom allocator to show the
    // working of shrink_to_fit.
 
    std::cout << "Default-construct deque:\n";
    std::deque<int, NAlloc<int>> deq;
 
    std::cout << "\nAdd 300 elements:\n";
    for (int i = 1000; i < 1300; ++i)
        deq.push_back(i);
 
    std::cout << "\nPop 100 elements:\n";
    for (int i = 0; i < 100; ++i)
        deq.pop_front();
 
    std::cout << "\nRun shrink_to_fit:\n";
    deq.shrink_to_fit();
 
    std::cout << "\nDestroy deque as it goes out of scope:\n";
}

Possible output:

Default-construct deque:
allocating 64 bytes
allocating 512 bytes
 
Add 300 elements:
allocating 512 bytes
allocating 512 bytes
 
Pop 100 elements:
 
Run shrink_to_fit:
allocating 64 bytes
allocating 512 bytes
allocating 512 bytes
deallocating 512 bytes
deallocating 512 bytes
deallocating 512 bytes
deallocating 64 bytes
 
Destroy deque as it goes out of scope:
deallocating 512 bytes
deallocating 512 bytes
deallocating 64 bytes

The following behavior-changing defect reports were applied retroactively to previously published C++ standards.

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