Home - News ( United States | United Kingdom | Italy | Germany ) - Football scores

Showing content from https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-5113-2019 below:

A comparative assessment of the uncertainties of global surface ocean CO2 estimates using a machine-learning ensemble (CSIR-ML6 version 2019a) – have we hit the wall?

Bakker, D. C. E., Hoppema, M., Schröder, M., Geibert, W., and de Baar, H. J. W.: A rapid transition from ice covered CO₂-rich waters to a biologically mediated CO₂ sink in the eastern Weddell Gyre, Biogeosciences, 5, 1373–1386, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-5-1373-2008, 2008. 

Bakker, D. C. E., Pfeil, B., Landa, C. S., Metzl, N., O'Brien, K. M., Olsen, A., Smith, K., Cosca, C., Harasawa, S., Jones, S. D., Nakaoka, S., Nojiri, Y., Schuster, U., Steinhoff, T., Sweeney, C., Takahashi, T., Tilbrook, B., Wada, C., Wanninkhof, R., Alin, S. R., Balestrini, C. F., Barbero, L., Bates, N. R., Bianchi, A. A., Bonou, F., Boutin, J., Bozec, Y., Burger, E. F., Cai, W.-J., Castle, R. D., Chen, L., Chierici, M., Currie, K., Evans, W., Featherstone, C., Feely, R. A., Fransson, A., Goyet, C., Greenwood, N., Gregor, L., Hankin, S., Hardman-Mountford, N. J., Harlay, J., Hauck, J., Hoppema, M., Humphreys, M. P., Hunt, C. W., Huss, B., Ibánhez, J. S. P., Johannessen, T., Keeling, R., Kitidis, V., Körtzinger, A., Kozyr, A., Krasakopoulou, E., Kuwata, A., Landschützer, P., Lauvset, S. K., Lefèvre, N., Lo Monaco, C., Manke, A., Mathis, J. T., Merlivat, L., Millero, F. J., Monteiro, P. M. S., Munro, D. R., Murata, A., Newberger, T., Omar, A. M., Ono, T., Paterson, K., Pearce, D., Pierrot, D., Robbins, L. L., Saito, S., Salisbury, J., Schlitzer, R., Schneider, B., Schweitzer, R., Sieger, R., Skjelvan, I., Sullivan, K. F., Sutherland, S. C., Sutton, A. J., Tadokoro, K., Telszewski, M., Tuma, M., van Heuven, S. M. A. C., Vandemark, D., Ward, B., Watson, A. J., and Xu, S.: A multi-decade record of high-quality fCO₂ data in version 3 of the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT), Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 8, 383–413, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-383-2016, 2016. 

Banzon, V., Smith, T. M., Chin, T. M., Liu, C., and Hankins, W.: A long-term record of blended satellite and in situ sea-surface temperature for climate monitoring, modeling and environmental studies, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 8, 165–176, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-165-2016, 2016. 

Bates, N. R.: Interannual variability of oceanic CO₂ and biogeochemical properties in the Western North Atlantic subtropical gyre, Deep-Res. Pt. II, 48, 1507–1528, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(00)00151-X, 2001. 

Bockmon, E. E. and Dickson, A. G.: An inter-laboratory comparison assessing the quality of seawater carbon dioxide measurements, Mar. Chem., 171, 36–43, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2015.02.002, 2015. 

Boutin, J. and Merlivat, L.: Sea surface fCO₂ measurements in the Southern Ocean from CARIOCA Drifters, Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, US Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, https://doi.org/10.3334/CDIAC/OTG.CARIOCA, 2013. 

Carter, B. R., Feely, R. A., Williams, N. L., Dickson, A. G., Fong, M. B., and Takeshita, Y.: Updated methods for global locally interpolated estimation of alkalinity, pH, and nitrate, Limnol. Oceanogr. Meth., 16, 119–131, https://doi.org/10.1002/lom3.10232, 2018. 

Castelvecchi, D.: Can we open the black box of AI?, Nature, 538, 20–23, https://doi.org/10.1038/538020a, 2016. 

Crone, S. F. and Finlay, S.: Instance sampling in credit scoring: An empirical study of sample size and balancing, Int. J. Forecast., 28, 224–238, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijforecast.2011.07.006, 2012. 

Dee, D. P., Uppala, S. M., Simmons, A. J., Berrisford, P., Poli, P., Kobayashi, S., Andrae, U., Balmaseda, M. A., Balsamo, G., Bauer, P., Bechtold, P., Beljaars, A. C. M., van de Berg, I., Biblot, J., Bormann, N., Delsol, C., Dragani, R., Fuentes, M., Greer, A. J., Haimberger, L., Healy, S. B., Hersbach, H., Holm, E. V., Isaksen, L., Kallberg, P., Kohler, M., Matricardi, M., McNally, A. P., Mong-Sanz, B. M., Morcette, J.-J., Park, B.-K., Peubey, C., de Rosnay, P., Tavolato, C., Thepaut, J. N., and Vitart, F.: The ERA-Interim reanalysis: Configuration and performance of the data assimilation system, Q. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc., 137, 553–597, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.828, 2011. 

Denvil-Sommer, A., Gehlen, M., Vrac, M., and Mejia, C.: LSCE-FFNN-v1: a two-step neural network model for the reconstruction of surface ocean pCO2 over the global ocean, Geosci. Model Dev., 12, 2091–2105, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-2091-2019, 2019. 

Dickson, A. G.: Guide to best practices for ocean CO₂ measurements, edited by: Andrew, G., Sabine, C. L., and Christian, J. R., North Pacific Marine Science Organization, available at: https://www.oceanbestpractices.net/handle/11329/249 (last access: 16 February 2019), 2007. 

Dore, J. E., Lukas, R., Sadler, D. W., Church, M. J., and Karl, D. M.: Physical and biogeochemical modulation of ocean acidification in the central North Pacific, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 106, 12235–12240, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0906044106, 2009. 

Drucker, H., Burges, C. J. C., Kaufman, L., Smola, A., and Vapnik, V. N.: Support vector regression machines, Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst., 9, 155–161, 1997. 

du Plessis, M., Swart, S., Ansorge, I. J., and Mahadevan, A.: Submesoscale processes promote seasonal restratification in the Subantarctic Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 122, 2960–2975, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JC012494, 2017. 

du Plessis, M., Swart, S., Ansorge, I. J., Mahadevan, A., and Thompson, A. F.: Southern Ocean seasonal restratification delayed by submesoscale wind-front interactions, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 49, 1035–1053, https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-18-0136.1, 2019. 

Fay, A. R. and McKinley, G. A.: Global open-ocean biomes: mean and temporal variability, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 6, 273–284, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-6-273-2014, 2014. 

Friedman, J. H.: Greedy function approximation: A gradient boosting machine, Ann. Stat., 29, 1189–1232, https://doi.org/10.1214/aos/1013203451, 2001. 

Geurts, P., Ernst, D., and Wehenkel, L.: Extremely randomized trees, Mach. Learn., 63, 3–42, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10994-006-6226-1, 2006. 

Goddijn-Murphy, L. M., Woolf, D. K., Land, P. E., Shutler, J. D., and Donlon, C.: The OceanFlux Greenhouse Gases methodology for deriving a sea surface climatology of CO₂ fugacity in support of air–sea gas flux studies, Ocean Sci., 11, 519–541, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-11-519-2015, 2015. 

Goddijn-Murphy, L., Woolf, D. K., Callaghan, A. H., Nightingale, P. D., Shutler, J. D.: A reconciliation of empirical and mechanistic models of the air-sea gas transfer velocity, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 121, 818–835, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JC011096, 2016. 

Good, S. A., Martin, M. J., and Rayner, N. A.: EN4: Quality controlled ocean temperature and salinity profiles and monthly objective analyses with uncertainty estimates, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 118, 6704–6716, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JC009067, 2013. 

Gray, A. R., Johnson, K. S., Bushinsky, S. M., Riser, S. C., Russell, J. L., Talley, L. D., Wanninkhof, R. H., Williams, N. L., and Sarmiento, J. L.: Autonomous Biogeochemical Floats Detect Significant Carbon Dioxide Outgassing in the High-Latitude Southern Ocean, Geophys. Res. Lett., 45, 9049–9057, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL078013, 2018. 

Gregor, L., Kok, S., and Monteiro, P. M. S.: Empirical methods for the estimation of Southern Ocean CO₂: support vector and random forest regression, Biogeosciences, 14, 5551–5569, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-5551-2017, 2017. 

Gregor, L., Kok, S., and Monteiro, P. M. S.: Interannual drivers of the seasonal cycle of CO₂ in the Southern Ocean, Biogeosciences, 15, 2361–2378, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-2361-2018, 2018. 

Gregor, L., Lebehot, A. D., Kok, S., and Monteiro, P. M. S.: Global surfaceocean partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) estimates from a machine learning ensemble: CSIR-ML6 v2019a (NCEI Accession 0206205), Version 1.1, NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information Dataset, https://doi.org/10.25921/z682-mn47, last access: 15 November, 2019. 

Gruber, N., Clement, D., Carter, B. R., Feely, R. A., van Heuven, S., Hoppema, M., Ishii, M., Key, R. M., Kozyr, A., Lauvset, S. K., Lo Monaco, C., Mathis, J. T., Murata, A., Olsen, A., Perez, F. F., Sabine, C. L., Tanhua, T., and Wanninkhof, R.: The oceanic sink for anthropogenic CO₂ from 1994 to 2007, Science, 363, 1193–1199, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aau5153, 2019. 

Hain, M. P., Sigman, D. M., Higgins, J. A., and Haug, G. H.: The effects of secular calcium and magnesium concentration changes on the thermodynamics of seawater acid/base chemistry: Implications for Eocene and Cretaceous ocean carbon chemistry and buffering, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 29, 517–533, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GB004986, 2015. 

Hastie, T., Tibshirani, R., and Friedman, J. H.: The Elements of Statistical Learning: Data mining, Inference, and Prediction, 2nd edn., Springer, 2009. 

Holte, J., Talley, L. D., Gilson, J., and Roemmich, D.: An Argo mixed layer climatology and database, Geophys. Res. Lett., 44, 5618–5626, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL073426, 2017. 

Hoyer, S. and Hamman, J. J.: xarray: N-D labeled Arrays and Datasets in Python, J. Open Res. Softw., 5, 1–6, https://doi.org/10.5334/jors.148, 2017. 

Iida, Y., Kojima, A., Takatani, Y., Nakano, T., Sugimoto, H., Midorikawa, T., and Ishii, M.: Trends in pCO₂ and sea–air CO₂ flux over the global open oceans for the last two decades, J. Oceanogr., 71, 637–661, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10872-015-0306-4, 2015. 

Ishii, M., Inoue, H. Y., Matsueda, H., and Tanoue, E.: Close coupling between seasonal biological production and dynamics of dissolved inorganic carbon in the Indian Ocean sector and the western Pacific Ocean sector of the Antarctic Ocean, Deep.-Sea Res. Pt. I, 45, 1187–1209, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0637(98)00010-7, 1998. 

Jones, S. D., Le Quéré, C., Rödenbeck, C., Manning, A. C., and Olsen, A.: A statistical gap-filling method to interpolate global monthly surface ocean carbon dioxide data, J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst., 7, 1554–1575, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014MS000416, 2015. 

Khatiwala, S., Tanhua, T., Mikaloff Fletcher, S., Gerber, M., Doney, S. C., Graven, H. D., Gruber, N., McKinley, G. A., Murata, A., Ríos, A. F., and Sabine, C. L.: Global ocean storage of anthropogenic carbon, Biogeosciences, 10, 2169–2191, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-2169-2013, 2013. 

Landschützer, P., Gruber, N., Bakker, D. C. E., and Schuster, U.: Recent variability of the global ocean carbon sink, Glob. Planet. Change, 28, 927–949, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GB004853, 2014. 

Landschützer, P., Gruber, N., Haumann, F. A., Rödenbeck, C., Bakker, D. C. E., Van Heuven, S. M. A. C., Hoppema, M., Metzl, N., Sweeney, C., Takahashi, T. T., Tilbrook, B., and Wanninkhof, R. H.: The reinvigoration of the Southern Ocean carbon sink, Science, 349, 1221–1224, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aab2620, 2015. 

Landschützer, P., Gruber, N., and Bakker, D. C. E.: Decadal variations and trends of the global ocean carbon sink, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 30, 1396–1417, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GB005359, 2016. 

Landschützer, P., Gruber, N., and Bakker, D. C. E.: An updated observation-based global monthly gridded sea surface pCO₂ and air-sea CO₂ flux product from 1982 through 2015 and its monthly climatology (NCEI Accession 0160558), Version 2.2, NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, Dataset, available at: https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/ocads/oceans/SPCO2_1982_2015_ETH_SOM_FFN.html (last access: 8 February 2019), 2017. 

Landschützer, P., Gruber, N., Bakker, D. C. E., Stemmler, I., and Six, K. D.: Strengthening seasonal marine CO₂ variations due to increasing atmospheric CO₂, Nat. Clim. Chang., 8, 146–150, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-017-0057-x, 2018. 

Lebehot, A. D, Halloran, P. R., Watson, A. J., McNeall, D. J., Ford, D. A., Landschützer, P., Lauvset, S. K., and Schuster, U.: Reconciling observation and model trends in North Atlantic surface CO₂, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 33, 1204–1222, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GB006186, 2019. 

Lefévre, N., Watson, A. J., and Watson, A. R.: A comparison of multiple regression and neural network techniques for mapping in situ pCO₂ data, Tellus B, 57, 375–384, https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusb.v57i5.16565, 2005. 

Lenton, A., Metzl, N., Takahashi, T. T., Kuchinke, M., Matear, R. J., Roy, T., Sutherland, S. C., Sweeney, C., and Tilbrook, B.: The observed evolution of oceanic pCO₂ and its drivers over the last two decades, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 26, GB2021, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GB004095, 2012. 

Lenton, A., Tilbrook, B., Law, R. M., Bakker, D., Doney, S. C., Gruber, N., Ishii, M., Hoppema, M., Lovenduski, N. S., Matear, R. J., McNeil, B. I., Metzl, N., Mikaloff Fletcher, S. E., Monteiro, P. M. S., Rödenbeck, C., Sweeney, C., and Takahashi, T.: Sea–air CO₂ fluxes in the Southern Ocean for the period 1990–2009, Biogeosciences, 10, 4037–4054, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-4037-2013, 2013. 

Le Quéré, C., Andrew, R. M., Friedlingstein, P., Sitch, S., Hauck, J., Pongratz, J., Pickers, P. A., Korsbakken, J. I., Peters, G. P., Canadell, J. G., Arneth, A., Arora, V. K., Barbero, L., Bastos, A., Bopp, L., Chevallier, F., Chini, L. P., Ciais, P., Doney, S. C., Gkritzalis, T., Goll, D. S., Harris, I., Haverd, V., Hoffman, F. M., Hoppema, M., Houghton, R. A., Hurtt, G., Ilyina, T., Jain, A. K., Johannessen, T., Jones, C. D., Kato, E., Keeling, R. F., Goldewijk, K. K., Landschützer, P., Lefèvre, N., Lienert, S., Liu, Z., Lombardozzi, D., Metzl, N., Munro, D. R., Nabel, J. E. M. S., Nakaoka, S., Neill, C., Olsen, A., Ono, T., Patra, P., Peregon, A., Peters, W., Peylin, P., Pfeil, B., Pierrot, D., Poulter, B., Rehder, G., Resplandy, L., Robertson, E., Rocher, M., Rödenbeck, C., Schuster, U., Schwinger, J., Séférian, R., Skjelvan, I., Steinhoff, T., Sutton, A., Tans, P. P., Tian, H., Tilbrook, B., Tubiello, F. N., van der Laan-Luijkx, I. T., van der Werf, G. R., Viovy, N., Walker, A. P., Wiltshire, A. J., Wright, R., Zaehle, S., and Zheng, B.: Global Carbon Budget 2018, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10, 2141–2194, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-2141-2018, 2018. 

Lueker, T. J., Dickson, A. G., and Keeling, C. D.: Ocean pCO₂ calculated from dissolved inorganic carbon, alkalinity, and equations for K1 and K2: Validation based on laboratory measurements of CO2 in gas and seawater at equilibrium, Mar. Chem., 70, 105–119, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4203(00)00022-0, 2000. 

Maritorena, S., Fanton D'andon, O. H., Mangin, A., and Siegel, D. A.: Merged satellite ocean color data products using a bio-optical model: Characteristics, benefits and issues, Remote Sens. Environ., 114, 1791–1804, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2010.04.002, 2010. 

Masarie, K. A., Peters, W., Jacobson, A. R., and Tans, P. P.: ObsPack: a framework for the preparation, delivery, and attribution of atmospheric greenhouse gas measurements, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 6, 375–384, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-6-375-2014, 2014. 

McKinley, G. A., Pilcher, D. J., Fay, A. R., Lindsay, K., Long, M. C., and Lovenduski, N. S.: Timescales for detection of trends in the ocean carbon sink, Nature, 530, 469–472, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature16958, 2016. 

McKinney, W.: Data Structures for Statistical Computing in Python, available at: https://conference.scipy.org/proceedings/scipy2010/pdfs/mckinney.pdf (last access: 16 February 2019), 2010. 

Monteiro, P. M. S.: A Global Sea Surface Carbon Observing System: Assessment of Changing Sea Surface CO₂ and Air-Sea CO₂ Fluxes, in: Proceedings of OceanObs'09: Sustained Ocean Observations and Information for Society, Vol. 2, Venice, Italy, 21–25 September 2009, edited by: Hall, J., Harrison, D. E., and Stammer, D., ESA Publication WPP-306, https://doi.org/10.5270/OceanObs09.cwp.64, 2010. 

Monteiro, P. M. S., Gregor, L., Lévy, M., Maenner, S., Sabine, C. L., and Swart, S.: Intraseasonal variability linked to sampling alias in air-sea CO₂ fluxes in the Southern Ocean, Geophys. Res. Lett., 42, 8507–8514, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL066009, 2015. 

Nightingale, P. D., Malin, G., Law, C. S., Watson, A. J., Liss, P. S., Liddicoat, M. I., Boutin, J., and Upstill‐Goddard, R. C.: In situ evaluation of air-sea gas exchange parameterizations using novel conservative and volatile tracers, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 14, 373–387, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999GB900091, 2000. 

Olsen, A., Key, R. M., van Heuven, S., Lauvset, S. K., Velo, A., Lin, X., Schirnick, C., Kozyr, A., Tanhua, T., Hoppema, M., Jutterström, S., Steinfeldt, R., Jeansson, E., Ishii, M., Pérez, F. F., and Suzuki, T.: The Global Ocean Data Analysis Project version 2 (GLODAPv2) – an internally consistent data product for the world ocean, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 8, 297–323, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-297-2016, 2016. 

Pedregosa, F., Varoquaux, G., Gramfort, A., Michel, C., Thirion, B., Grisel, O., Blondel, M., Prettenhoffer, P., Weiss, R., Dubourg, V., Vanderplas, J., Passos, A., and Cournapeau, D.: Scikit-learn: Machine learning in Python, J. Mach. Learn. Res., 12, 2825–2830, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13398-014-0173-7.2, 2011. 

Reynolds, R. W., Smith, T. M., Liu, C., Chelton, D. B., Casey, K. S., and Schlax, M. G.: Daily high-resolution-blended analyses for sea surface temperature, J. Climate, 20, 5473–5496, https://doi.org/10.1175/2007JCLI1824.1, 2007. 

Rio, M.-H., Mulet, S., and Picot, N.: Beyond GOCE for the ocean circulation estimate: Synergetic use of altimetry, gravimetry, and in situ data provides new insight into geostrophic and Ekman currents, Geophys. Res. Lett., 41, 8918–8925, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL061773, 2014. 

Ritter, R., Landschützer, P., Gruber, N., Fay, A. R., Iida, Y., Jones, S., Nakaoka, S., Park, G.-H., Peylin, P., Rödenbeck, C., Rodgers, K. B., Shutler, J. D., and Zeng, J.: Observation-Based Trends of the Southern Ocean Carbon Sink, Geophys. Res. Lett., 44, 12339–12348, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL074837, 2017. 

Rödenbeck, C., Bakker, D. C. E., Metzl, N., Olsen, A., Sabine, C., Cassar, N., Reum, F., Keeling, R. F., and Heimann, M.: Interannual sea–air CO₂ flux variability from an observation-driven ocean mixed-layer scheme, Biogeosciences, 11, 4599–4613, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-4599-2014, 2014. 

Rödenbeck, C., Bakker, D. C. E., Gruber, N., Iida, Y., Jacobson, A. R., Jones, S., Landschützer, P., Metzl, N., Nakaoka, S., Olsen, A., Park, G.-H., Peylin, P., Rodgers, K. B., Sasse, T. P., Schuster, U., Shutler, J. D., Valsala, V., Wanninkhof, R., and Zeng, J.: Data-based estimates of the ocean carbon sink variability – first results of the Surface Ocean pCO₂ Mapping intercomparison (SOCOM), Biogeosciences, 12, 7251–7278, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-7251-2015, 2015. 

Sabine, C. L., Feely, R. A., Gruber, N., Key, R. M., Lee, K., Bullister, J. L., Wanninkhof, R. H., Wong, C. S., Wallace, D. W. R., Tilbrook, B., Millero, F. J., Peng, T., Kozyr, A., Ono, T., and Ríos, A. F.: The Oceanic Sink for Anthropogenic CO₂, Science, 305, 367–371, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1097403, 2004. 

Sabine, C. L., Hankin, S., Koyuk, H., Bakker, D. C. E., Pfeil, B., Olsen, A., Metzl, N., Kozyr, A., Fassbender, A., Manke, A., Malczyk, J., Akl, J., Alin, S. R., Bellerby, R. G. J., Borges, A., Boutin, J., Brown, P. J., Cai, W.-J., Chavez, F. P., Chen, A., Cosca, C., Feely, R. A., González-Dávila, M., Goyet, C., Hardman-Mountford, N., Heinze, C., Hoppema, M., Hunt, C. W., Hydes, D., Ishii, M., Johannessen, T., Key, R. M., Körtzinger, A., Landschützer, P., Lauvset, S. K., Lefèvre, N., Lenton, A., Lourantou, A., Merlivat, L., Midorikawa, T., Mintrop, L., Miyazaki, C., Murata, A., Nakadate, A., Nakano, Y., Nakaoka, S., Nojiri, Y., Omar, A. M., Padin, X. A., Park, G.-H., Paterson, K., Perez, F. F., Pierrot, D., Poisson, A., Ríos, A. F., Salisbury, J., Santana-Casiano, J. M., Sarma, V. V. S. S., Schlitzer, R., Schneider, B., Schuster, U., Sieger, R., Skjelvan, I., Steinhoff, T., Suzuki, T., Takahashi, T., Tedesco, K., Telszewski, M., Thomas, H., Tilbrook, B., Vandemark, D., Veness, T., Watson, A. J., Weiss, R., Wong, C. S., and Yoshikawa-Inoue, H.: Surface Ocean CO₂ Atlas (SOCAT) gridded data products, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 5, 145–153, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-5-145-2013, 2013. 

Sasse, T. P., McNeil, B. I., and Abramowitz, G.: A novel method for diagnosing seasonal to inter-annual surface ocean carbon dynamics from bottle data using neural networks, Biogeosciences, 10, 4319–4340, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-4319-2013, 2013. 

Sculley, D.: Web-Scale K-Means Clustering, in: Proceedings of the 19th international conference on World wide web – WWW'10, https://doi.org/10.1145/1772690.1772862, 2010. 

Takahashi, T. T., Olafsson, J., Goddard, J. G., Chipman, D. W., and Sutherland, S. C.: Seasonal variation of CO₂ and nutrients in the high-latitude surface oceans: A comparative study, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 7, 843–878, https://doi.org/10.1029/93GB02263, 1993. 

Takahashi, T. T., Sutherland, S. C., Wanninkhof, R. H., Sweeney, C., Feely, R. A., Chipman, D. W., Hales, B., Friederich, G. E., Chavez, F. P., Sabine, C. L., Watson, A. J., Bakker, D. C. E., Schuster, U., Metzl, N., Yoshikawa-Inoue, H., Ishii, M., Midorikawa, T., Nojiri, Y., Körtzinger, A., Steinhoff, T., Hoppema, M., Olafsson, J., Arnarson, T. S., Tilbrook, B., Johannessen, T., Olsen, A., Bellerby, R. G. J., Wong, C. S., Delille, B., Bates, N. R., and de Baar, H. J. W.: Climatological mean and decadal change in surface ocean pCO₂, and net sea-air CO₂ flux over the global oceans, Deep.-Sea Res. Pt. II, 56, 554–577, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.12.009, 2009. 

Takahashi, T., Sutherland, S. C., and Kozyr, A.: Global Ocean Surface Water Partial Pressure of CO₂ Database: Measurements Performed During 1957–2017 (Version 2017), ORNL/CDIAC-160, NDP-088(V2017), (NCEI Access. 0160492), Version 4.4, NOAA Natl. Centers Environ. Information, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.3334/CDIAC/OTG.NDP088(V2015), 2017. 

Taylor, K. E.: Summarizing multiple aspects of model performance in a single diagram, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 106, 7183–7192, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JD900719, 2001. 

Telszewski, M., Chazottes, A., Schuster, U., Watson, A. J., Moulin, C., Bakker, D. C. E., González-Dávila, M., Johannessen, T., Körtzinger, A., Lüger, H., Olsen, A., Omar, A., Padin, X. A., Ríos, A. F., Steinhoff, T., Santana-Casiano, M., Wallace, D. W. R., and Wanninkhof, R.: Estimating the monthly pCO₂ distribution in the North Atlantic using a self-organizing neural network, Biogeosciences, 6, 1405–1421, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-6-1405-2009, 2009. 

Thomalla, S. J., Fauchereau, N., Swart, S., and Monteiro, P. M. S.: Regional scale characteristics of the seasonal cycle of chlorophyll in the Southern Ocean, Biogeosciences, 8, 2849–2866, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-2849-2011, 2011. 

Verdy, A. and Mazloff, M. R.: A data assimilating model for estimating Southern Ocean biogeochemistry, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 122, 6968–6988, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JC012650, 2017. 

Wanninkhof, R. H., Asher, W. E., Ho, D. T., Sweeney, C., and McGillis, W. R.: Advances in Quantifying Air-Sea Gas Exchange and Environmental Forcing, Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci., 1, 213–244, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.marine.010908.163742, 2009. 

Wanninkhof, R. H., Bakker, D., Bates, N., Steinhoff, T., and Sutton, A.: Incorporation of Alternative Sensors in the SOCAT Database and Adjustments to Dataset Quality Control Flags, 1–26, https://doi.org/10.3334/CDIAC/OTG.SOCAT_ADQCF, 2013a. 

Wanninkhof, R., Park, G.-H., Takahashi, T., Sweeney, C., Feely, R., Nojiri, Y., Gruber, N., Doney, S. C., McKinley, G. A., Lenton, A., Le Quéré, C., Heinze, C., Schwinger, J., Graven, H., and Khatiwala, S.: Global ocean carbon uptake: magnitude, variability and trends, Biogeosciences, 10, 1983–2000, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-1983-2013, 2013b. 

Weiss, R.: Carbon dioxide in water and seawater: the solubility of a non-ideal gas, Mar. Chem., 2, 203–215, https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4203(74)90015-2, 1974. 

Williams, N. L., Juranek, L. W., Feely, R. A., Johnson, K. S., Sarmiento, J. L., Talley, L. D., Dickson, A. G., Gray, A. R., Wanninkhof, R. H., Russell, J. L., Riser, S. C., and Takeshita, Y.: Calculating surface ocean pCO₂ from biogeochemical Argo floats equipped with pH: An uncertainty analysis, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 31, 591–604, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GB005541, 2017. 

Woolf, D. K., Land, P. E., Shutler, J. D., Goddijn-Murphy, L., and Donlon, C. J.: On the calculation of air-sea fluxes of CO₂ in the presence of temperature and salinity gradients, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 121, 1229–1248, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JC011427, 2016.  

Zeng, J., Nojiri, Y., Landschützer, P., Telszewski, M., and Nakaoka, S.: A global surface ocean fCO₂ climatology based on a feed-forward neural network, J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 31, 1838–1849, https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-13-00137.1, 2014. 

Zeng, J., Matsunaga, T., Saigusa, N., Shirai, T., Nakaoka, S., and Tan, Z.-H.: Technical note: Evaluation of three machine learning models for surface ocean CO₂ mapping, Ocean Sci., 13, 303–313, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-13-303-2017, 2017. 

RetroSearch is an open source project built by @garambo | Open a GitHub Issue

Search and Browse the WWW like it's 1997 | Search results from DuckDuckGo

HTML: 3.2 | Encoding: UTF-8 | Version: 0.7.3