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OISO-32

LABORATOIRE D'OCÉANOGRAPHIE ET DU CLIMAT : EXPÉRIMENTATIONS ET APPROCHES NUMÉRIQUES - UMR 7159

Institut Pierre Simon Laplace

Boîte 100

4 place Jussieu

75005 Paris

+33 (1) 44 27 32 48

https://www.locean.ipsl.fr/

The OISO cruises, initiated in 1998, aim at monitoring and understanding the evolution of CO2 and pH in the South West Indian Ocean and the corresponding Southern Ocean sector. The observations collected onboard the Marion Dufresne once or twice a year are crucial to :

1. contribute to the annual update of the global carbon budget by regularly feeding the international databases, notably SOCAT and GLODAP ;
2. better understand the variability of oceanic CO2 and pH in the South Indian and Southern Oceans in order to evaluate the anthropogenic perturbation, and thus reduce the uncertainty on the evolution of the oceanic sink of CO2 and ocean acidification in the future (validation of model simulations).
3. collect in situ observations that allow the validation of autonomous observations (satellite data, Argo and BGC Argo floats, biologer) ;
4. document environnemental changes in relation to climate variability and evaluate the impact on marine organisms (coll., BIAF, MNHN, CEBC).

The objective of the OISO-32 cruise was to re-occupy the transects and stations between Reunion Island and the French Subantarctic Islands (Crozet, Kerguelen and Amsterdam) and in the Antarctic zone (down to 56.5°S) that were frequently sampled over the last 3 decades (during the INDIGO, MINERVE, OISO, KEOPS, SOCLIM cruises). Underway surface measurements were conducted during the entire cruise using the ship pumping system, and a rosette-CTD was deployed at 17 fixed stations located in the different biogeochemical zones.

Another objective of the OISO-32 cruise was to evaluate the impact of Patagonian dust on the biological pump of CO₂ in the future Southern Ocean (SO-dust project, M. Boyé). Indeed, in this region phytoplankton growth is limited by the very low iron inputs to the surface waters, and Patagonian dust is one of the major source of iron available for phytoplankton. Projections show an intensification of these depositions in the future in the Polar Front zone due to enhanced winds and an increase in the number and magnitude of storms, which could modify the global climate by stimulating the biological pump of CO₂ through delivering of iron (and other limiting micro-nutriments), as it was suggested for the Last Glacial Maximum. Projections also show ocean acidification and warming, but the cumulative impact of these anthropogenic changes on phytoplankton and the biological pump is not yet known. The SO-dust project aims at diagnosing the net effect of these multi-faceted changes on phytoplankton communities, by evaluating their individual and interactive effects. To do so, deck incubation of phytoplankton communities were performed following a reduced factorial experimental strategy (4 scenarios : actual conditions, future conditions and 2 intermediate conditions). A large volume of water (100 L) was also collected a the southernmost station (O11) to be used for monospecific incubations that will be performed at the laboratory after the cruise.

Southern Ocean

Indian Ocean

(Transects Réunion - Crozet - Antarctic zone - Kerguelen - Amsterdam - Réunion)

Port of departure : Le Port (Réunion)

Port of return : Le Port (Réunion)

LABORATOIRE D'OCÉANOGRAPHIE ET DU CLIMAT : EXPÉRIMENTATIONS ET APPROCHES NUMÉRIQUES - UMR 7159

Institut Pierre Simon Laplace

Boîte 100

75005 Paris

+33 (1) 44 27 32 48

https://www.locean.ipsl.fr/

• PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY
• CHEMICAL OCEANOGRAPHY

Phytoplankton pigments (eg chloroph

Deck incubations. HPLC

Phytoplankton pigments (eg chloroph

Chl-a. Spetrofluorometry. 175 samples in the water column (16 stations) and 88 samples in surface waters (underway).

Phytoplankton pigments (eg chloroph

HPLC. Samples collected at 3 stations near Kerguelen Island

Pelagic bacteria/micro-organisms

Deck incubations. Flow cytometry.

Phytoplankton

Deck incubations. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy.

Particulate organic matter (inc POC

Deck incubations. CHN analyzer.

Particulate organic matter (inc POC

Deck incubations. Particulate biogenic silica. Spectrometry.

Current profiler (eg ADCP)

Ship ADCP (75 Hz and 150 Hz)

Water bottle stations

24 Niskin bottles on 16 stations.

CTD stations

CTD-O2-Fluo profiles on 17 stations

Oxygen

Continuous measurements in surface waters (optode). Validation (correction) with Winkler titrations.

Oxygen

Winkler titration: 26 samples in surface waters (underway) and 350 samples in the water column (16 stations)

Phosphate

Deck incubations. AA3 auto-analyzer.

Nitrate

AA3 auto-analyzer. 89 samples in surface waters (underway) and 334 samples on 16 stations.

Nitrate

Deck incubations. AA3 auto-analyzer.

Nitrite

AA3 auto-analyzer. 89 samples in surface waters (underway) and 334 samples on 16 stations.

Silicate

AA3 auto-analyzer. 89 samples in surface waters (underway) and 334 samples on 16 stations.

Silicate

Deck incubations. AA3 auto-analyzer.

Alkalinity

Potentiometric titration in a closed cell. Sampling on 16 stations (351 samples) and continuous measurements in surface waters.

Alkalinity

Deck incubation. Acid/base titration

pH

Deck incubation. HACH sensor

Trace elements

Deck incubation. HR-ICPMS

Isotopes

d13C(DIC). Mass spectrometer. 66 samples in surface waters (underway) and 154 samples in the water column (16 stations).

Isotopes

d18O(H2O). Mass spectrometer. 88 samples in surface waters (underway) and 185 samples in the water column (16 stations).

Surface measurements underway (T,S)

SBE thermosalinograph. 89 samples for salinity measurement on a Guidline salinometer

Carbon dioxide

Fugacity of CO2 in surface waters (underway). NDIR infra-red analyzer.

Carbon dioxide

Potentiometric titration in a closed cell. Sampling on 16 stations (351 samples) and continuous measurements in surface waters.

Other chemical oceanographic meas.

Salinity measurements in the water column (16 stations). Guideline salinometer

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