The paper conducts a comparative study across the Arab world in the Middle East and Africa to determine whether variations exist in environmental performance. Using various indicators of performance, including the 2010 environmental performance index and the total number of international environmental agreements signed, ratified, or accessed by individual governments, the paper concludes that the Arab world is at par with the developing world with its environmental performance. The paper empirically shows that economic well-being determines environmental performance, thus providing evidence to support the EKC-type hypothesis.
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Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates make up the Gulf Cooperation Council Countries (the GCC countries).
Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia.
Djibouti, Mauritania, Somalia and Sudan.
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Deptartment of Economics, School of Business, Lebanese American University, P. O. Box 36, Byblos, Lebanon
Salpie Djoundourian
Correspondence to Salpie Djoundourian.
Additional informationReaders should send their comments on this paper to BhaskarNath@aol.com within 3 months of publication of this issue.
About this article Cite this articleDjoundourian, S. Environmental movement in the Arab world. Environ Dev Sustain 13, 743–758 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-011-9287-7
Received: 26 July 2010
Accepted: 31 January 2011
Published: 20 February 2011
Issue Date: August 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-011-9287-7
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