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An Energy Efficient Embedded Processor for Hard Real-Time Java Applications

Energy management is very important and sometimes critical for certain classes of hard real-time systems. In this paper, we present effective energy reduction techniques for hard real-time systems developed in Java, which execute on bare metal and run on a time-predictable specialized Java processor. We modified traditional clock gating and dynamic frequency scaling methods to include the hardware-based run-time slack calculation in periodic tasks, thus reducing energy consumption in hard real-time systems. Two methods for energy reduction are employed leading to Energy Aware Java Optimized Processor (EAJOP). The first method includes task execution time monitoring and comparison with the estimated worst-case execution time to calculate the slack and bringing the processor to sleep for the slack duration upon task completion. The second method introduces real-time residual slack calculation at so-called checkpoints inside the periodic task, which are then used to lower the system frequency of the rest of the task dynamically, resulting in lower energy consumption. We compare EAJOP with baseline JOP when implemented on FPGA and demonstrate gains in energy consumption.

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1. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand

   Manish Tewary, Avinash Malik, Zoran Salcic & Morteza Biglari-Abhari

1. Manish Tewary
2. Avinash Malik
3. Zoran Salcic
4. Morteza Biglari-Abhari

Correspondence to Manish Tewary .

1. Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark

   Martin Schoeberl

2. Technical University of Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany

   Christian Hochberger

3. Airbus Defence and Space GmbH, Taufkirchen, Germany

   Sascha Uhrig

4. University of Hanover, Hanover, Germany

   Jürgen Brehm

5. Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany

   Thilo Pionteck

© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

Tewary, M., Malik, A., Salcic, Z., Biglari-Abhari, M. (2019). An Energy Efficient Embedded Processor for Hard Real-Time Java Applications. In: Schoeberl, M., Hochberger, C., Uhrig, S., Brehm, J., Pionteck, T. (eds) Architecture of Computing Systems – ARCS 2019. ARCS 2019. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 11479. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18656-2_21

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• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18656-2_21

• Published: 25 April 2019

• Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

• Print ISBN: 978-3-030-18655-5

• Online ISBN: 978-3-030-18656-2

• eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

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