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Manual: Introduction to instantiating prefabs

Instantiating prefabs at runtime

Build a structure with prefabs

You can use prefabsAn asset type that allows you to store a GameObject complete with components and properties. The prefab acts as a template from which you can create new object instances in the scene. More info
See in Glossary to instantiate complicated GameObjectsThe fundamental object in Unity scenes, which can represent characters, props, scenery, cameras, waypoints, and more. A GameObject’s functionality is defined by the Components attached to it. More info
See in Glossary or collections of GameObjects at runtime. Compared with creating GameObjects from scratch using code, instantiating prefabs using code has many advantages because you can do the following:

• Instantiate a prefab using one line of code. Creating equivalent GameObjects from scratch requires many more lines of code.
• Change which prefab is instantiated without changing the code. You can make a simple rocket into a super-charged rocket, without any code changes.

Instantiating prefabs at runtime is useful in the following common scenarios:

• Building a structure out of a single prefab by replicating it multiple times in different positions, for example in a grid or circle formation.
• Firing a projectile prefab from a launcher. The projectile prefab can be a complex configuration containing a meshThe main graphics primitive of Unity. Meshes make up a large part of your 3D worlds. Unity supports triangulated or Quadrangulated polygon meshes. Nurbs, Nurms, Subdiv surfaces must be converted to polygons. More info
  See in Glossary, RigidbodyA component that allows a GameObject to be affected by simulated gravity and other forces. More info
  See in Glossary, colliderAn invisible shape that is used to handle physical collisions for an object. A collider doesn’t need to be exactly the same shape as the object’s mesh - a rough approximation is often more efficient and indistinguishable in gameplay. More info
  See in Glossary, audio sourceA component which plays back an Audio Clip in the scene to an audio listener or through an audio mixer. More info
  See in Glossary, dynamic light, and a child GameObject with its own trail Particle SystemA component that simulates fluid entities such as liquids, clouds and flames by generating and animating large numbers of small 2D images in the scene. More info
  See in Glossary.
• A vehicle, building, or character, for example a robot, breaking apart into many pieces. In this scenario, the example script deletes and replaces the complete, operational robot prefab with a wrecked robot prefab. This wrecked prefab consists of separate broken parts of the robot, each set up with Rigidbody components and Particle Systems of their own. This technique allows you to blow up a robot into many pieces with just one line of code, which replaces the original GameObject with a wrecked prefab.

To instantiate a prefab at runtime, your code needs a reference to the prefab. To make this reference, you can create a public field of type GameObject in your code, then assign the prefab you want to use to this field in the InspectorA Unity window that displays information about the currently selected GameObject, asset or project settings, allowing you to inspect and edit the values. More info
See in Glossary.

The following script example has a single public variable, myPrefab, which is a reference to a prefab. It creates an instance of that prefab in the Start method.

using UnityEngine;
public class InstantiationExample : MonoBehaviour 
{
    // Reference to the prefab. Drag a prefab into this field in the Inspector.
    public GameObject myPrefab;

    // This script will simply instantiate the prefab when the game starts.
    void Start()
    {
        // Instantiate at position (0, 0, 0) and zero rotation.
        Instantiate(myPrefab, new Vector3(0, 0, 0), Quaternion.identity);
    }
}

To use this example:

1. Create a new MonoBehaviour script in your Project, and name it InstantiationExample.
2. Copy the code and paste it into your new script, and save it.
3. Create an empty GameObject using the menu GameObject > Create Empty.
4. Add the script to the new GameObject as a component by dragging it onto the empty GameObject.
5. Create any prefab, and drag it from the Project windowA window that shows the contents of your Assets folder (Project tab) More info
   See in Glossary into the My Prefab field in the script component.

When you enter Play mode, the prefab instantiates at position (0 , 0 , 0) in the sceneA Scene contains the environments and menus of your game. Think of each unique Scene file as a unique level. In each Scene, you place your environments, obstacles, and decorations, essentially designing and building your game in pieces. More info
See in Glossary.

You can drag a different prefab into the My Prefab field in the Inspector window to change which prefab Unity instantiates, without having to change the script.

• Build a structure with prefabs
• Instantiate projectiles and explosions
• Instantiate API reference

Instantiating prefabs at runtime

Build a structure with prefabs

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