Compatibility module to provide backwards compatibility for useful Python features.
This is mainly for use of internal Twisted code. We encourage you to use the latest version of Python directly from your code, if possible.
FunctionbytesEnviron
Return a dict
of os.environ
where all text-strings are encoded into bytes
. Function cmp
Compare two objects. Function comparable
Class decorator that ensures support for the special __cmp__ method. Function currentframe
In Python 3, inspect.currentframe
does not take a stack-level argument. Restore that functionality from Python 2 so we don't have to re-implement the f_back-walking loop in places where it's called. Function execfile
Execute a Python script in the given namespaces. Function intToBytes
Convert the given integer into bytes, as ASCII-encoded Arab numeral. Function ioType
Determine the type which will be returned from the given file object's read() and accepted by its write() method as an argument. Function items
Return a list of the items of d. Function iterbytes
Return an iterable wrapper for a bytes object that provides the behavior of iterating over bytes on Python 2. Function iteritems
Return an iterable of the items of d. Function itervalues
Return an iterable of the values of d. Function lazyByteSlice
Return a memory view of the given bytes-like object. Function nativeString
Convert bytes or str to str type, using ASCII encoding if conversion is necessary. Function networkString
Convert a string to bytes
using ASCII encoding. Function reraise
Re-raise an exception, with an optional traceback. Variable NativeStringIO
An in-memory file-like object that operates on the native string type (bytes in Python 2, unicode in Python 3). Variable unicode
The type of Unicode strings, unicode on Python 2 and str on Python 3. Variable urllib_parse
a URL-parsing module (urlparse on Python 2, urllib.parse on Python 3) Function _constructMethod
Construct a bound method. Function _matchingString
Some functions, such as os.path.join, operate on string arguments which may be bytes or text, and wish to return a value of the same type. In those cases you may wish to have a string constant (in the case of ... Function _pypy3BlockingHack
Work around https://foss.heptapod.net/pypy/pypy/-/issues/3051 by replacing socket.fromfd with a more conservative version. Variable _PYPY
Undocumented Deprecated since version 21.2.0: bytesEnviron was deprecated in Twisted 21.2.0; please use os.environb
instead.
Return a dict
of os.environ
where all text-strings are encoded into bytes
.
This function is POSIX only; environment variables are always text strings on Windows.
Compare two objects.
Returns a negative number if a < b, zero if they are equal, and a positive number if a > b.
Class decorator that ensures support for the special __cmp__ method.
__eq__, __lt__, etc. methods are added to the class, relying on __cmp__ to implement their comparisons.
In Python 3, inspect.currentframe
does not take a stack-level argument. Restore that functionality from Python 2 so we don't have to re-implement the f_back-walking loop in places where it's called.
int
The number of stack levels above the caller to walk. Returns FrameType
a frame, n levels up the stack from the caller.
Execute a Python script in the given namespaces.
Similar to the execfile builtin, but a namespace is mandatory, partly because that's a sensible thing to require, and because otherwise we'd have to do some frame hacking.
This is a compatibility implementation for Python 3 porting, to avoid the use of the deprecated builtin execfile function.
Deprecated since version 21.2.0: intToBytes was deprecated in Twisted 21.2.0; please use b'%d' instead.
Convert the given integer into bytes, as ASCII-encoded Arab numeral.
Parameters i:int
The int to convert to bytes. Returns bytes Undocumented
Determine the type which will be returned from the given file object's read() and accepted by its write() method as an argument.
In other words, determine whether the given file is 'opened in text mode'.
Parameters fileIshObject:object
Any object, but ideally one which resembles a file. default:type
A default value to return when the type of fileIshObject cannot be determined. Returns type
There are 3 possible return values:
str
, if the file is unambiguously opened in text mode.bytes
, if the file is unambiguously opened in binary mode.Deprecated since version 21.2.0: items was deprecated in Twisted 21.2.0; please use list(d.items()) instead.
Return a list of the items of d.
Parameters d:dict
Undocumented Returns list
Undocumented
Return an iterable wrapper for a bytes object that provides the behavior of iterating over bytes on Python 2.
In particular, the results of iteration are the individual bytes (rather than integers as on Python 3).
Parameters originalBytes A bytes object that will be wrapped.Deprecated since version 21.2.0: iteritems was deprecated in Twisted 21.2.0; please use d.items() instead.
Return an iterable of the items of d.
Parameters d:dict
Undocumented Returns iterable Undocumented
Deprecated since version 21.2.0: itervalues was deprecated in Twisted 21.2.0; please use d.values() instead.
Return an iterable of the values of d.
Parameters d:dict
Undocumented Returns iterable Undocumented
Return a memory view of the given bytes-like object.
If an offset is given, the view starts at that offset. If a size is given, the view will only be of that length.
Parameters object bytes to be sliced. offset int, starting index of view. size Optional, if an int is given limit the length of the view to this size.Convert bytes or str to str type, using ASCII encoding if conversion is necessary.
RaisesUnicodeError
The input string is not ASCII encodable/decodable. TypeError
The input is neither bytes nor str.
Convert a string to bytes
using ASCII encoding.
This is useful for sending text-like bytes that are constructed using string interpolation. For example:
networkString("Hello %d" % (n,))Parameters s:
str
A string to convert to bytes. Returns bytes
Undocumented
Deprecated since version 21.2.0: reraise was deprecated in Twisted 21.2.0; please use raise exception.with_traceback(traceback) instead.
Re-raise an exception, with an optional traceback.
Re-raised exceptions will be mutated, with their __traceback__ attribute being set.
Parameters exception The exception instance. traceback The traceback to use, orNone
indicating a new traceback.
An in-memory file-like object that operates on the native string type (bytes in Python 2, unicode in Python 3).
The type of Unicode strings, unicode on Python 2 and str on Python 3.
a URL-parsing module (urlparse on Python 2, urllib.parse on Python 3)
Construct a bound method.
Parameters cls:type
The class that the method should be bound to. name:native str
The name of the method. self:any object The object that the method is bound to.
Some functions, such as os.path.join, operate on string arguments which may be bytes or text, and wish to return a value of the same type. In those cases you may wish to have a string constant (in the case of os.path.join, that constant would be os.path.sep) involved in the parsing or processing, that must be of a matching type in order to use string operations on it. _matchingString
will take a constant string (either bytes
or str
) and convert it to the same type as the input string. constantString should contain only characters from ASCII; to ensure this, it will be encoded or decoded regardless.
str
or bytes
A string literal used in processing. inputString:str
or bytes
A byte string or text string provided by the user. Returns the type of inputString constantString converted into the same type as inputString
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