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CREATE ICEBERG TABLE | Snowflake Documentation

This section provides an overview of the syntax for all types of Iceberg tables. The syntax for creating an Iceberg table varies considerably depending on whether you use Snowflake as the Iceberg catalog or an external Iceberg catalog.

To view the syntax, parameter descriptions, usage notes, and examples for specific use cases, see the following pages:

• Snowflake as the Iceberg catalog

  • CREATE ICEBERG TABLE (Snowflake as the Iceberg catalog)

• External Iceberg catalog

  • CREATE ICEBERG TABLE (REST or Snowflake Open Catalog)

  • CREATE ICEBERG TABLE (Delta files in object storage)

  • CREATE ICEBERG TABLE (Iceberg files in object storage)

CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] ICEBERG TABLE [ IF NOT EXISTS ] <table_name> (
    -- Column definition
    <col_name> <col_type>
      [ inlineConstraint ]
      [ NOT NULL ]
      [ [ WITH ] MASKING POLICY <policy_name> [ USING ( <col_name> , <cond_col1> , ... ) ] ]
      [ [ WITH ] PROJECTION POLICY <policy_name> ]
      [ [ WITH ] TAG ( <tag_name> = '<tag_value>' [ , <tag_name> = '<tag_value>' , ... ] ) ]
      [ COMMENT '<string_literal>' ]

    -- Additional column definitions
    [ , <col_name> <col_type> [ ... ] ]

    -- Out-of-line constraints
    [ , outoflineConstraint [ ... ] ]
  )
  [ CLUSTER BY ( <expr> [ , <expr> , ... ] ) ]
  [ EXTERNAL_VOLUME = '<external_volume_name>' ]
  [ CATALOG = 'SNOWFLAKE' ]
  [ BASE_LOCATION = '<directory_for_table_files>' ]
  [ CATALOG_SYNC = '<open_catalog_integration_name>']
  [ STORAGE_SERIALIZATION_POLICY = { COMPATIBLE | OPTIMIZED } ]
  [ DATA_RETENTION_TIME_IN_DAYS = <integer> ]
  [ MAX_DATA_EXTENSION_TIME_IN_DAYS = <integer> ]
  [ CHANGE_TRACKING = { TRUE | FALSE } ]
  [ COPY GRANTS ]
  [ COMMENT = '<string_literal>' ]
  [ [ WITH ] ROW ACCESS POLICY <policy_name> ON ( <col_name> [ , <col_name> ... ] ) ]
  [ [ WITH ] AGGREGATION POLICY <policy_name> ]
  [ [ WITH ] TAG ( <tag_name> = '<tag_value>' [ , <tag_name> = '<tag_value>' , ... ] ) ]
  [ WITH CONTACT ( <purpose> = <contact_name> [ , <purpose> = <contact_name> ... ] ) ]

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Where:

inlineConstraint ::=
  [ CONSTRAINT <constraint_name> ]
  { UNIQUE
    | PRIMARY KEY
    | [ FOREIGN KEY ] REFERENCES <ref_table_name> [ ( <ref_col_name> ) ]
  }
  [ <constraint_properties> ]

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For additional inline constraint details, see CREATE | ALTER TABLE … CONSTRAINT.

outoflineConstraint ::=
  [ CONSTRAINT <constraint_name> ]
  { UNIQUE [ ( <col_name> [ , <col_name> , ... ] ) ]
    | PRIMARY KEY [ ( <col_name> [ , <col_name> , ... ] ) ]
    | [ FOREIGN KEY ] [ ( <col_name> [ , <col_name> , ... ] ) ]
      REFERENCES <ref_table_name> [ ( <ref_col_name> [ , <ref_col_name> , ... ] ) ]
  }
  [ <constraint_properties> ]

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Note

• Snowflake represents columns defined as PRIMARY KEY as identifier fields in the Iceberg metadata. The IDs for these columns are populated in the metadata as identifier field IDs.

• Snowflake doesn’t enforce NOT NULL and UNIQUE constraints on PRIMARY KEY columns for Iceberg tables.

For additional out-of-line constraint details, see CREATE | ALTER TABLE … CONSTRAINT.

For more information, see CREATE ICEBERG TABLE (Snowflake as the Iceberg catalog).

CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] ICEBERG TABLE <table_name> [ ( <col_name> [ <col_type> ] , <col_name> [ <col_type> ] , ... ) ]
  [ CLUSTER BY ( <expr> [ , <expr> , ... ] ) ]
  [ EXTERNAL_VOLUME = '<external_volume_name>' ]
  [ CATALOG = 'SNOWFLAKE' ]
  [ BASE_LOCATION = '<relative_path_from_external_volume>' ]
  [ COPY GRANTS ]
  [ ... ]
  AS SELECT <query>

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For more information, see CREATE ICEBERG TABLE … AS SELECT.

CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] ICEBERG TABLE <table_name> LIKE <source_table>
  [ CLUSTER BY ( <expr> [ , <expr> , ... ] ) ]
  [ COPY GRANTS ]
  [ ... ]

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For more information, see CREATE ICEBERG TABLE … LIKE.

CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] ICEBERG TABLE [ IF NOT EXISTS ] <table_name>
  [ EXTERNAL_VOLUME = '<external_volume_name>' ]
  [ CATALOG = '<catalog_integration_name>' ]
  CATALOG_TABLE_NAME = '<rest_catalog_table_name>'
  [ CATALOG_NAMESPACE = '<catalog_namespace>' ]
  [ REPLACE_INVALID_CHARACTERS = { TRUE | FALSE } ]
  [ AUTO_REFRESH = { TRUE | FALSE } ]
  [ COMMENT = '<string_literal>' ]
  [ [ WITH ] TAG ( <tag_name> = '<tag_value>' [ , <tag_name> = '<tag_value>' , ... ] ) ]
  [ WITH CONTACT ( <purpose> = <contact_name> [ , <purpose> = <contact_name> ... ] ) ]

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For more information, see CREATE ICEBERG TABLE (Iceberg REST catalog).

CREATE ICEBERG TABLE [ IF NOT EXISTS ] <table_name>
  [
    --Column definition
    <col_name> <col_type>
      [ [ WITH ] MASKING POLICY <policy_name> [ USING ( <col_name> , <cond_col1> , ... ) ] ]

    -- Additional column definitions
    [ , <col_name> <col_type> [ ... ] ]
  ]
  [ MAX_DATA_EXTENSION_TIME_IN_DAYS = <integer> ]
  [ AUTO_REFRESH = { TRUE | FALSE } ]
  [ REPLACE_INVALID_CHARACTERS = { TRUE | FALSE } ]
  [ COPY GRANTS ]
  [ COMMENT = '<string_literal>' ]
  [ [ WITH ] TAG ( <tag_name> = '<tag_value>' [ , <tag_name> = '<tag_value>' , ... ] ) ]

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For more information, see CREATE ICEBERG TABLE (Iceberg REST catalog).

CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] ICEBERG TABLE [ IF NOT EXISTS ] <table_name>
  [ EXTERNAL_VOLUME = '<external_volume_name>' ]
  [ CATALOG = '<catalog_integration_name>' ]
  BASE_LOCATION = '<relative_path_from_external_volume>'
  [ REPLACE_INVALID_CHARACTERS = { TRUE | FALSE } ]
  [ AUTO_REFRESH = { TRUE | FALSE } ]
  [ COMMENT = '<string_literal>' ]
  [ [ WITH ] TAG ( <tag_name> = '<tag_value>' [ , <tag_name> = '<tag_value>' , ... ] ) ]
  [ WITH CONTACT ( <purpose> = <contact_name> [ , <purpose> = <contact_name> ... ] ) ]

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For more information, see CREATE ICEBERG TABLE (Delta files in object storage).

CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] ICEBERG TABLE [ IF NOT EXISTS ] <table_name>
  [ EXTERNAL_VOLUME = '<external_volume_name>' ]
  [ CATALOG = '<catalog_integration_name>' ]
  METADATA_FILE_PATH = '<metadata_file_path>'
  [ REPLACE_INVALID_CHARACTERS = { TRUE | FALSE } ]
  [ COMMENT = '<string_literal>' ]
  [ [ WITH ] TAG ( <tag_name> = '<tag_value>' [ , <tag_name> = '<tag_value>' , ... ] ) ]
  [ WITH CONTACT ( <purpose> = <contact_name> [ , <purpose> = <contact_name> ... ] ) ]

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For more information, see CREATE ICEBERG TABLE (Iceberg files in object storage).

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