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TIMEDIFF | Snowflake Documentation

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Date & time functions

Calculates the difference between two date, time, or timestamp expressions based on the specified date or time part. The function returns the result of subtracting the second argument from the third argument.

Alternative for DATEDIFF.

TIMEDIFF( <date_or_time_part> , <date_or_time_expr1> , <date_or time_expr2> )

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date_or_time_part

The unit of time. Must be one of the values listed in Supported date and time parts (for example, month). The value can be a string literal or can be unquoted (for example, 'month' or month).

date_or_time_expr1, date_or_time_expr2

The values to compare. Must be a date, a time, a timestamp, or an expression that can be evaluated to a date, a time, or a timestamp. The value date_or_time_expr1 is subtracted from date_or_time_expr2.

Returns an integer representing the number of units (seconds, days, etc.) difference between date_or_time_expr2 and date_or_time_expr1.

• Output values can be negative, for example, -12 days.

• The function supports units of years, quarters, months, weeks, days, hours, minutes, seconds, milliseconds, microseconds, and nanoseconds.

• If date_or_time_part is week (or any of its variations), the output is controlled by the WEEK_START session parameter. For more details, including examples, see Calendar weeks and weekdays.

• The unit (for example, month) used to calculate the difference determines which parts of the DATE, TIME, or TIMESTAMP field are evaluated. So, the unit determines the precision of the result.

  Smaller units are not used, so values are not rounded. For example, even though the difference between January 1, 2021 and February 28, 2021 is closer to two months than to one month, the following returns one month:

  DATEDIFF(month, '2021-01-01'::DATE, '2021-02-28'::DATE)
  

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  For a DATE value:

  • year uses only the year and disregards all the other parts.

  • month uses the month and year.

  • day uses the entire date.

  For a TIME value:

  • hour uses only the hour and disregards all the other parts.

  • minute uses the hour and minute.

  • second uses the hour, minute, and second, but not the fractional seconds.

  • millisecond uses the hour, minute, second, and first three digits of the fractional seconds. Fractional seconds are not rounded. For example, DATEDIFF(milliseconds, '2024-02-20 21:18:41.0000', '2024-02-20 21:18:42.1239') returns 1.123 seconds, not 1.124 seconds.

  • microsecond uses the hour, minute, second, and first six digits of the fractional seconds. Fractional seconds are not rounded.

  • nanosecond uses the hour, minute, second, and all nine digits of the fractional seconds.

  For a TIMESTAMP value:

  The rules match the rules for DATE and TIME data types above. Only the specified unit and larger units are used.

This shows the result of subtracting two dates, in which the second is two years later than the first:

SELECT TIMEDIFF(YEAR, '2017-01-01', '2019-01-01') AS Years;
+-------+
| YEARS |
|-------|
|     2 |
+-------+

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This shows that the value is truncated rather than rounded. The difference is closer to 12 months than to 11, but Snowflake calculates the difference as 11 months:

SELECT TIMEDIFF(MONTH, '2017-01-1', '2017-12-31') AS Months;
+--------+
| MONTHS |
|--------|
|     11 |
+--------+

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There are additional examples in DATEDIFF.

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