Calculates the beginning or end of a “slice” of time, where the length of the slice is a multiple of a standard unit of time (minute, hour, day, etc.).
This function can be used to calculate the start and end times of fixed-width “buckets” into which data can be categorized.
TIME_SLICE( <date_or_time_expr> , <slice_length> , <date_or_time_part> [ , <start_or_end> ] )
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Arguments¶Required:
date_or_time_expr
The function returns the start or end of the slice that contains this date or time. The expression must be of type DATE or TIMESTAMP_NTZ.
slice_length
This indicates the width of the slice (i.e. how many units of time are contained in the slice). For example, if the unit is MONTH and the slice_length is 2, then each slice is 2 months wide. The slice_length must be an integer greater than or equal to 1.
date_or_time_part
Time unit for the slice length. The value must be a string containing one of the values listed below:
If input expression is a DATE: YEAR, QUARTER, MONTH, WEEK, DAY.
If input expression is a TIMESTAMP_NTZ: YEAR, QUARTER, MONTH, WEEK, DAY, HOUR, MINUTE, SECOND.
The values are case-insensitive.
Optional:
start_or_end
This is an optional constant parameter that determines whether the start or end of the slice should be returned.
Supported values are ‘START’ or ‘END’. The values are case-insensitive.
The default value is ‘START’.
The data type of the return value is identical to the data type of the input date_or_time_expr (i.e. either TIMESTAMP_NTZ or DATE).
All slices are aligned relative to midnight January 1, 1970 (1970-01-01 00:00:00).
Most slices start on an integer multiple of the slice length relative to January 1, 1970. For example, if you choose a slice length of 15 years, then each slice will start on one of the following boundaries:
January 1, 1970.
January 1, 1985.
January 1, 2000.
January 1, 2015.
Etc.
Dates prior to January 1, 1970 are also valid; for example, a 15-year slice can start on January 1, 1955.
The one exception is that, for slices measured in weeks, the starts of the slices are aligned with the beginning of the week that contains January 1, 1970. January 1, 1970 was a Thursday. So, for example, if your WEEK_START session parameter specifies that your calendar weeks start on Monday, and if your slices are 2 weeks, then your slices will start on one of the following boundaries:
December 29, 1969 (Monday).
January 12, 1970 (Monday).
January 25, 1970 (Monday).
Etc.
If your calendar weeks start on Sunday, then your slices will start on:
December 28, 1969 (Sunday).
January 11, 1970 (Sunday).
January 25, 1970 (Sunday).
Etc.
For more details about how calendar weeks are handled, including examples, see Calendar weeks and weekdays.
Although the parameters to TIME_SLICE must be of type DATE or TIMESTAMP_NTZ, you can use casting to process TIMESTAMP_LTZ values. For TIMESTAMP_LTZ values, cast the input to TIMESTAMP_NTZ first and then cast back to TIMESTAMP_LTZ. However, in this case, slices crossing daylight saving time boundaries can be either one hour longer or one hour shorter than slices that do not cross daylight saving time boundaries.
The end of each slice is the same as the beginning of the following slice. For example, if the slice is 2 months and the start of the slice is 2019-01-01, then the end of the slice will be 2019-03-01, not 2019-02-28. In other words, the slice contains dates or timestamps greater than or equal to the start and less than (but not equal to) the end.
Find the start and end of a 4-month slice containing a date:
SELECT '2019-02-28'::DATE AS "DATE", TIME_SLICE("DATE", 4, 'MONTH', 'START') AS "START OF SLICE", TIME_SLICE("DATE", 4, 'MONTH', 'END') AS "END OF SLICE"; +------------+----------------+--------------+ | DATE | START OF SLICE | END OF SLICE | |------------+----------------+--------------| | 2019-02-28 | 2019-01-01 | 2019-05-01 | +------------+----------------+--------------+Copy
Find the start of 8-hour slices corresponding to two timestamps:
SELECT '2019-02-28T01:23:45.678'::TIMESTAMP_NTZ AS "TIMESTAMP 1", '2019-02-28T12:34:56.789'::TIMESTAMP_NTZ AS "TIMESTAMP 2", TIME_SLICE("TIMESTAMP 1", 8, 'HOUR') AS "SLICE FOR TIMESTAMP 1", TIME_SLICE("TIMESTAMP 2", 8, 'HOUR') AS "SLICE FOR TIMESTAMP 2"; +-------------------------+-------------------------+-------------------------+-------------------------+ | TIMESTAMP 1 | TIMESTAMP 2 | SLICE FOR TIMESTAMP 1 | SLICE FOR TIMESTAMP 2 | |-------------------------+-------------------------+-------------------------+-------------------------| | 2019-02-28 01:23:45.678 | 2019-02-28 12:34:56.789 | 2019-02-28 00:00:00.000 | 2019-02-28 08:00:00.000 | +-------------------------+-------------------------+-------------------------+-------------------------+Copy
Group data into “buckets” based on the date or timestamp (e.g. group data into buckets that are two weeks wide):
This example uses the table and data created below:
CREATE TABLE accounts (ID INT, billing_date DATE, balance_due NUMBER(11, 2)); INSERT INTO accounts (ID, billing_date, balance_due) VALUES (1, '2018-07-31', 100.00), (2, '2018-08-01', 200.00), (3, '2018-08-25', 400.00);Copy
This query shows the bucketed data:
SELECT TIME_SLICE(billing_date, 2, 'WEEK', 'START') AS "START OF SLICE", TIME_SLICE(billing_date, 2, 'WEEK', 'END') AS "END OF SLICE", COUNT(*) AS "NUMBER OF LATE BILLS", SUM(balance_due) AS "SUM OF MONEY OWED" FROM accounts WHERE balance_due > 0 -- bill hasn't yet been paid GROUP BY "START OF SLICE", "END OF SLICE"; +----------------+--------------+----------------------+-------------------+ | START OF SLICE | END OF SLICE | NUMBER OF LATE BILLS | SUM OF MONEY OWED | |----------------+--------------+----------------------+-------------------| | 2018-07-23 | 2018-08-06 | 2 | 300.00 | | 2018-08-20 | 2018-09-03 | 1 | 400.00 | +----------------+--------------+----------------------+-------------------+Copy
Note that the GROUP BY clause needs both the start of the slice and the end of the slice because the compiler expects the GROUP BY clause to contain all non-aggregate expressions of the projection clause.
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