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Troubleshooting external functions for AWS

This topic provides troubleshooting information for external functions for AWS.

When passing arguments to or from an external function, ensure that the data types are appropriate. If the value sent can’t fit into the data type being received, the value might be truncated or corrupted in some other way.

For more details, see Ensure that arguments to the external function correspond to arguments parsed by the remote service.

Possible Causes:

The row numbers you return within each batch should be monotonically ascending integers starting at 0. The input row numbers must also follow this rule, and each output row should match the corresponding input row. For example, the output in output row 0 should correspond to the input in input row 0.

Possible Solutions:

Ensure that the row numbers you return are the same as the row numbers you received, and that each output value uses the row number of the corresponding input. If this doesn’t work, then the input row numbers may not be correct or you did not return the rows in the correct order.

Next, ensure that the output row numbers start from 0, increase by 1, and are in order.

For more information about data input and output formats, see Remote service input and output data formats.

Possible Causes:

The most likely cause is that the JSON returned by the remote service (e.g. AWS Lambda function) is not constructed correctly.

Possible Solutions:

Ensure that the external function returns an array of arrays, with one inner array returned for each input row received. Review the description of the output format at Data format received by Snowflake.

Possible Causes:

Your return value includes double quotes inside the value.

Possible Solutions:

Although JSON strings are delimited by double quotes, the string itself should not start and end with a quotation mark in most cases. If the embedded double quotes are incorrect, remove them.

Possible Causes:

The remote service tried to return more or fewer rows than it received. Even though the function is nominally scalar, it might receive multiple rows in the body field of the event parameter, and should return exactly as many rows as it received.

Possible Solution(s):

Ensure that the remote service returns one row for each row that it receives.

Possible Cause:

The Lambda function might have:

• Timed out.

• Thrown an exception.

• Failed in some other way.

Possible Solution:

If the Lambda or API Gateway logs, are available to you, examine them.

If the source code of the Lambda function is available to you, then analyze and debug the code in the Lambda function. In some cases, you might be able to execute a copy of that code in a simpler context (outside AWS) to help debug it.

Verify that the data sent to the Lambda function is in the format that Lambda function expects. You might want to try sending a smaller, simpler data set to see whether that succeeds.

Verify that you are not sending too much data at a time.

In some cases, increasing the timeout might solve the problem, especially if the Lambda function requires a lot of CPU resources, or if the Lambda function itself calls other remote services and thus requires more time.

Possible Cause:

You might not have enabled Lambda proxy integration.

Possible Solution:

Enable Lambda proxy integration.

For more details, see the steps in Create the API Gateway endpoint.

The full text of the message is:

SQL execution error: Error assuming AWS_ROLE. Please verify the role and externalId are
configured correctly in your AWS policy.

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Possible Cause:

• In the AWS Trust Relationship Policy for your role, the AWS ARN is incorrect. Possible causes of that include:

  • You did not set it.

  • You set it, but you used the ARN of the AWS role (incorrect) instead of the user ARN, which you can see from the DESCRIBE INTEGRATION command in Snowflake. Make sure that you use the value from the API_AWS_IAM_USER_ARN field of the worksheet rather than the value from the “API_AWS_ROLE_ARN” field.

• In your AWS Trust Relationship Policy, the std:ExternalId is incorrect. Possible causes of that include:

  • You did not set it.

  • You re-created the API integration object. Re-creating the API object changes its external ID.

The full text of the message is:

Request failed for external function <function_name>.
Error: 403 '{"Message":"User: <ARN> is not authorized to perform: execute-api:Invoke on resource: <MethodRequestARN>"}'

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Possible Cause:

• The API Gateway resource policy has:

  • The wrong IAM Role ARN.

  • The wrong assumed role.

  • The wrong Method Request ARN.

• The IAM role doesn’t have the right policy attached.

Possible Solution:

• Make sure that you followed the resource policy template in Secure your Amazon API Gateway endpoint. Specifically, make sure that your resource policy:

  • Replaced the <12-digit number> with the value in the worksheet field named Your AWS account ID.

  • Replaced the <external_function_role> with the value in the New IAM Role Name field of the worksheet.

  • Replaced the method_request_ARN in the Resource field with the value in the Method Request ARN field in the worksheet. Make sure there is no slash at the end.

• If you need to make sure that the IAM role has the correct permissions policy attached, you can find the role’s permissions policy list by following the steps below:

  1. In AWS, go to Identity and Access Management (IAM) and select the role.

  2. View the Summary for the role.

  3. Click on the Permissions tab.

  4. Verify that the required policy is in the Permissions policies list.

• Make sure the endpoint being called is the resource, not the stage, that is set up on the API Gateway.

The full text of the message is:

Request failed for external function <function_name>.
Error: 403 '{"Message":"User: anonymous is not authorized to perform: execute-api:Invoke on resource: <MethodRequestARN>"}'

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Possible Cause:

One possible cause is that when you were configuring authorization for the API Gateway, you might not have specified that the Method Request requires AWS_IAM authorization for the resource.

Possible Solution:

If you did not follow the instructions in secure the Amazon API Gateway, then please follow them now to specify AWS_IAM authorization.

The full text of the message is:

Error parsing JSON response for external function ... Error: top-level JSON object must contain "data" JSON array element

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Possible Cause:

• You might not have specified Lambda proxy integration for the POST command in your API Gateway resource.

Possible Solution:

• Specify Lambda proxy integration for your API Gateway resource.

  For more details about Lambda proxy integration, see the steps in Create the API Gateway endpoint.

Possible Cause:

The proxy service required an API key, typically for authentication or billing. The API key is missing or incorrect.

Possible Solution:

Use the ALTER API INTEGRATION command to specify the correct API key.

This error can occur if you are using an AWS CloudFormation template to create an external function.

Possible cause:

You do not have required permissions for creating the resources specified in the CloudFormation template.

Possible Solution:

Check the Events tab for the stack to see the error details.

Also look at the AWS external functions troubleshooting page for additional troubleshooting tips.

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