numpy.random.wald(mean, scale, size=None)¶
Draw samples from a Wald, or inverse Gaussian, distribution.
As the scale approaches infinity, the distribution becomes more like a Gaussian. Some references claim that the Wald is an inverse Gaussian with mean equal to 1, but this is by no means universal.
The inverse Gaussian distribution was first studied in relationship to Brownian motion. In 1956 M.C.K. Tweedie used the name inverse Gaussian because there is an inverse relationship between the time to cover a unit distance and distance covered in unit time.
Parameters:Distribution mean, should be > 0.
Scale parameter, should be >= 0.
Output shape. If the given shape is, e.g., (m, n, k), then m * n * k samples are drawn. If size is None (default), a single value is returned if mean and scale are both scalars. Otherwise, np.broadcast(mean, scale).size samples are drawn.
Drawn samples from the parameterized Wald distribution.
Notes
The probability density function for the Wald distribution is
As noted above the inverse Gaussian distribution first arise from attempts to model Brownian motion. It is also a competitor to the Weibull for use in reliability modeling and modeling stock returns and interest rate processes.
References
[2] Chhikara, Raj S., and Folks, J. Leroy, âThe Inverse Gaussian Distribution: Theory : Methodology, and Applicationsâ, CRC Press, 1988.Examples
Draw values from the distribution and plot the histogram:
>>> import matplotlib.pyplot as plt >>> h = plt.hist(np.random.wald(3, 2, 100000), bins=200, density=True) >>> plt.show()
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