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Showing content from https://docs.ruby-lang.org/en/master/Bundler.html below:

module Bundler - Documentation for Ruby 3.5

module Bundler

Bundler provides a consistent environment for Ruby projects by tracking and installing the exact gems and versions that are needed.

Bundler is a part of Ruby’s standard library.

Bundler is used by creating gemfiles listing all the project dependencies and (optionally) their versions and then using

require 'bundler/setup'

or Bundler.setup to setup environment where only specified gems and their specified versions could be used.

See Bundler website for extensive documentation on gemfiles creation and Bundler usage.

As a standard library inside project, Bundler could be used for introspection of loaded and required modules.

Constants
ORIGINAL_ENV
SUDO_MUTEX
Public Class Methods

Source

def app_cache(custom_path = nil)
  path = custom_path || root
  Pathname.new(path).join(settings.app_cache_path)
end

Source

def app_config_path
  if app_config = ENV["BUNDLE_APP_CONFIG"]
    app_config_pathname = Pathname.new(app_config)

    if app_config_pathname.absolute?
      app_config_pathname
    else
      app_config_pathname.expand_path(root)
    end
  else
    root.join(".bundle")
  end
end

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def auto_install
  return unless settings[:auto_install]

  begin
    definition.specs
  rescue GemNotFound, GitError
    ui.info "Automatically installing missing gems."
    reset!
    CLI::Install.new({}).run
    reset!
  end
end

Automatically install dependencies if Bundler.settings[:auto_install] exists. This is set through config cmd ‘bundle config set –global auto_install 1`.

Note that this method ‘nil`s out the global Definition object, so it should be called first, before you instantiate anything like an `Installer` that’ll keep a reference to the old one instead.

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def auto_switch
  self_manager.restart_with_locked_bundler_if_needed
end

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def bin_path
  @bin_path ||= begin
    path = settings[:bin] || "bin"
    path = Pathname.new(path).expand_path(root).expand_path
    mkdir_p(path)
    path
  end
end

Returns absolute location of where binstubs are installed to.

Source

def bundle_path
  @bundle_path ||= Pathname.new(configured_bundle_path.path).expand_path(root)
end

Returns absolute path of where gems are installed on the filesystem.

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def clean_env
  message =
    "`Bundler.clean_env` has been deprecated in favor of `Bundler.unbundled_env`. " \
    "If you instead want the environment before bundler was originally loaded, use `Bundler.original_env`"
  removed_message =
    "`Bundler.clean_env` has been removed in favor of `Bundler.unbundled_env`. " \
    "If you instead want the environment before bundler was originally loaded, use `Bundler.original_env`"
  Bundler::SharedHelpers.major_deprecation(2, message, removed_message: removed_message, print_caller_location: true)
  unbundled_env
end

@deprecated Use ‘unbundled_env` instead

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def clean_exec(*args)
  message =
    "`Bundler.clean_exec` has been deprecated in favor of `Bundler.unbundled_exec`. " \
    "If you instead want to exec to a command in the environment before bundler was originally loaded, use `Bundler.original_exec`"
  removed_message =
    "`Bundler.clean_exec` has been removed in favor of `Bundler.unbundled_exec`. " \
    "If you instead want to exec to a command in the environment before bundler was originally loaded, use `Bundler.original_exec`"
  Bundler::SharedHelpers.major_deprecation(2, message, removed_message: removed_message, print_caller_location: true)
  with_env(unbundled_env) { Kernel.exec(*args) }
end

@deprecated Use ‘unbundled_exec` instead

Source

def clean_system(*args)
  message =
    "`Bundler.clean_system` has been deprecated in favor of `Bundler.unbundled_system`. " \
    "If you instead want to run the command in the environment before bundler was originally loaded, use `Bundler.original_system`"
  removed_message =
    "`Bundler.clean_system` has been removed in favor of `Bundler.unbundled_system`. " \
    "If you instead want to run the command in the environment before bundler was originally loaded, use `Bundler.original_system`"
  Bundler::SharedHelpers.major_deprecation(2, message, removed_message: removed_message, print_caller_location: true)
  with_env(unbundled_env) { Kernel.system(*args) }
end

@deprecated Use ‘unbundled_system` instead

Source

def clear_gemspec_cache
  @gemspec_cache = {}
end

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def configure
  @configure ||= configure_gem_home_and_path
end

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def configure_gem_home_and_path(path = bundle_path)
  configure_gem_path
  configure_gem_home(path)
  Bundler.rubygems.clear_paths
end

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def configured_bundle_path
  @configured_bundle_path ||= settings.path.tap(&:validate!)
end

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def create_bundle_path
  mkdir_p(bundle_path) unless bundle_path.exist?

  @bundle_path = bundle_path.realpath
rescue Errno::EEXIST
  raise PathError, "Could not install to path `#{bundle_path}` " \
    "because a file already exists at that path. Either remove or rename the file so the directory can be created."
end

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def default_bundle_dir
  SharedHelpers.default_bundle_dir
end

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def default_gemfile
  SharedHelpers.default_gemfile
end

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def default_lockfile
  SharedHelpers.default_lockfile
end

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def definition(unlock = nil, lockfile = default_lockfile)
  @definition = nil if unlock
  @definition ||= begin
    configure
    Definition.build(default_gemfile, lockfile, unlock)
  end
end

Returns an instance of Bundler::Definition for given Gemfile and lockfile

@param unlock [Hash, Boolean, nil] Gems that have been requested

to be updated or true if all gems should be updated

@param lockfile [Pathname] Path to Gemfile.lock @return [Bundler::Definition]

Source

def environment
  SharedHelpers.major_deprecation 2, "Bundler.environment has been removed in favor of Bundler.load", print_caller_location: true
  load
end

Source

def feature_flag
  @feature_flag ||= FeatureFlag.new(VERSION)
end

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def find_executable(path)
  extensions = RbConfig::CONFIG["EXECUTABLE_EXTS"]&.split
  extensions = [RbConfig::CONFIG["EXEEXT"]] unless extensions&.any?
  candidates = extensions.map {|ext| "#{path}#{ext}" }

  candidates.find {|candidate| File.file?(candidate) && File.executable?(candidate) }
end

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def frozen_bundle?
  frozen = settings[:frozen]
  return frozen unless frozen.nil?

  settings[:deployment]
end

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def git_present?
  return @git_present if defined?(@git_present)
  @git_present = Bundler.which("git")
end

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def home
  bundle_path.join("bundler")
end

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def install_path
  home.join("gems")
end

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def load
  @load ||= Runtime.new(root, definition)
end

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def load_gemspec(file, validate = false)
  @gemspec_cache ||= {}
  key = File.expand_path(file)
  @gemspec_cache[key] ||= load_gemspec_uncached(file, validate)
  
  
  @gemspec_cache[key]&.dup
end

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def load_gemspec_uncached(file, validate = false)
  path = Pathname.new(file)
  contents = read_file(file)
  spec = eval_gemspec(path, contents)
  return unless spec
  spec.loaded_from = path.expand_path.to_s
  Bundler.rubygems.validate(spec) if validate
  spec
end

Source

def local_platform
  return Gem::Platform::RUBY if settings[:force_ruby_platform]
  Gem::Platform.local
end

Source

def locked_gems
  @locked_gems ||=
    if defined?(@definition) && @definition
      definition.locked_gems
    elsif Bundler.default_lockfile.file?
      lock = Bundler.read_file(Bundler.default_lockfile)
      LockfileParser.new(lock)
    end
end

Source

def mkdir_p(path)
  SharedHelpers.filesystem_access(path, :create) do |p|
    FileUtils.mkdir_p(p)
  end
end

Source

def original_env
  ORIGINAL_ENV.clone
end

@return [Hash] Environment present before Bundler was activated

Source

def original_exec(*args)
  with_original_env { Kernel.exec(*args) }
end

Run a ‘Kernel.exec` to a subcommand with the environment present before Bundler was activated

Source

def original_system(*args)
  with_original_env { Kernel.system(*args) }
end

Run subcommand with the environment present before Bundler was activated

Source

def preferred_gemfile_name
  Bundler.settings[:init_gems_rb] ? "gems.rb" : "Gemfile"
end

Source

def read_file(file)
  SharedHelpers.filesystem_access(file, :read) do
    File.open(file, "r:UTF-8", &:read)
  end
end

Source

def require(*groups)
  setup(*groups).require(*groups)
end

Setups Bundler environment (see Bundler.setup) if it is not already set, and loads all gems from groups specified. Unlike ::setup, can be called multiple times with different groups (if they were allowed by setup).

Assuming Gemfile

gem 'first_gem', '= 1.0'
group :test do
  gem 'second_gem', '= 1.0'
end

The code will work as follows:

Bundler.setup 
Bundler.require(:default) 

Bundler.require(:test)   

Source

def reset!
  reset_paths!
  Plugin.reset!
  reset_rubygems!
end

Source

def reset_paths!
  @bin_path = nil
  @bundler_major_version = nil
  @bundle_path = nil
  @configure = nil
  @configured_bundle_path = nil
  @definition = nil
  @load = nil
  @locked_gems = nil
  @root = nil
  @settings = nil
  @setup = nil
  @user_home = nil
end

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def reset_rubygems!
  return unless defined?(@rubygems) && @rubygems
  rubygems.undo_replacements
  rubygems.reset
  @rubygems = nil
end

Source

def reset_settings_and_root!
  @settings = nil
  @root = nil
end

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def rm_rf(path)
  FileUtils.remove_entry_secure(path) if path && File.exist?(path)
end

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def root
  @root ||= begin
              SharedHelpers.root
            rescue GemfileNotFound
              bundle_dir = default_bundle_dir
              raise GemfileNotFound, "Could not locate Gemfile or .bundle/ directory" unless bundle_dir
              Pathname.new(File.expand_path("..", bundle_dir))
            end
end

Source

def ruby_scope
  "#{Bundler.rubygems.ruby_engine}/#{RbConfig::CONFIG["ruby_version"]}"
end

Source

def safe_load_marshal(data)
  if Gem.respond_to?(:load_safe_marshal)
    Gem.load_safe_marshal
    begin
      Gem::SafeMarshal.safe_load(data)
    rescue Gem::SafeMarshal::Reader::Error, Gem::SafeMarshal::Visitors::ToRuby::Error => e
      raise MarshalError, "#{e.class}: #{e.message}"
    end
  else
    load_marshal(data, marshal_proc: SafeMarshal.proc)
  end
end

Source

def self_manager
  @self_manager ||= begin
                      require_relative "bundler/self_manager"
                      Bundler::SelfManager.new
                    end
end

Source

def settings
  @settings ||= Settings.new(app_config_path)
rescue GemfileNotFound
  @settings = Settings.new
end

Source

def setup(*groups)
  
  return @setup if defined?(@setup) && @setup

  definition.validate_runtime!

  SharedHelpers.print_major_deprecations!

  if groups.empty?
    
    @setup = load.setup
  else
    load.setup(*groups)
  end
end

Turns on the Bundler runtime. After Bundler.setup call, all load or require of the gems would be allowed only if they are part of the Gemfile or Ruby’s standard library. If the versions specified in Gemfile, only those versions would be loaded.

Assuming Gemfile

gem 'first_gem', '= 1.0'
group :test do
  gem 'second_gem', '= 1.0'
end

The code using Bundler.setup works as follows:

require 'third_gem' 
require 'first_gem' 
Bundler.setup
require 'fourth_gem' 
require 'second_gem' 

Bundler.setup can be called only once, all subsequent calls are no-op.

If groups list is provided, only gems from specified groups would be allowed (gems specified outside groups belong to special :default group).

To require all gems from Gemfile (or only some groups), see Bundler.require.

Source

def specs_path
  bundle_path.join("specifications")
end

Source

def system_bindir
  
  
  
  
  
  Bundler.settings[:system_bindir] || Bundler.rubygems.gem_bindir
end

Source

def tmp(name = Process.pid.to_s)
  Kernel.send(:require, "tmpdir")
  Pathname.new(Dir.mktmpdir(["bundler", name]))
end

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def ui
  (defined?(@ui) && @ui) || (self.ui = UI::Shell.new)
end

Source

def ui=(ui)
  Bundler.rubygems.ui = UI::RGProxy.new(ui)
  @ui = ui
end

Source

def unbundle_env!
  ENV.replace(unbundle_env(ENV))
end

Remove all bundler-related variables from ENV

Source

def unbundled_env
  unbundle_env(original_env)
end

@return [Hash] Environment with all bundler-related variables removed

Source

def unbundled_exec(*args)
  with_env(unbundled_env) { Kernel.exec(*args) }
end

Run a ‘Kernel.exec` to a subcommand in an environment with all bundler related variables removed

Source

def unbundled_system(*args)
  with_unbundled_env { Kernel.system(*args) }
end

Run subcommand in an environment with all bundler related variables removed

Source

def use_system_gems?
  configured_bundle_path.use_system_gems?
end

Source

def user_bundle_path(dir = "home")
  env_var, fallback = case dir
                      when "home"
                        ["BUNDLE_USER_HOME", proc { Pathname.new(user_home).join(".bundle") }]
                      when "cache"
                        ["BUNDLE_USER_CACHE", proc { user_bundle_path.join("cache") }]
                      when "config"
                        ["BUNDLE_USER_CONFIG", proc { user_bundle_path.join("config") }]
                      when "plugin"
                        ["BUNDLE_USER_PLUGIN", proc { user_bundle_path.join("plugin") }]
                      else
                        raise BundlerError, "Unknown user path requested: #{dir}"
  end
  
  
  Pathname.new(ENV.fetch(env_var, &fallback))
end

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def user_cache
  user_bundle_path("cache")
end

Source

def user_home
  @user_home ||= begin
    home = Bundler.rubygems.user_home
    bundle_home = home ? File.join(home, ".bundle") : nil

    warning = if home.nil?
      "Your home directory is not set."
    elsif !File.directory?(home)
      "`#{home}` is not a directory."
    elsif !File.writable?(home) && (!File.directory?(bundle_home) || !File.writable?(bundle_home))
      "`#{home}` is not writable."
    end

    if warning
      Bundler.ui.warn "#{warning}\n"
      user_home = tmp_home_path
      Bundler.ui.warn "Bundler will use `#{user_home}' as your home directory temporarily.\n"
      user_home
    else
      Pathname.new(home)
    end
  end
end

Source

def which(executable)
  executable_path = find_executable(executable)
  return executable_path if executable_path

  if (paths = ENV["PATH"])
    quote = '"'
    paths.split(File::PATH_SEPARATOR).find do |path|
      path = path[1..-2] if path.start_with?(quote) && path.end_with?(quote)
      executable_path = find_executable(File.expand_path(executable, path))
      return executable_path if executable_path
    end
  end
end

Source

def with_clean_env
  message =
    "`Bundler.with_clean_env` has been deprecated in favor of `Bundler.with_unbundled_env`. " \
    "If you instead want the environment before bundler was originally loaded, use `Bundler.with_original_env`"
  removed_message =
    "`Bundler.with_clean_env` has been removed in favor of `Bundler.with_unbundled_env`. " \
    "If you instead want the environment before bundler was originally loaded, use `Bundler.with_original_env`"
  Bundler::SharedHelpers.major_deprecation(2, message, removed_message: removed_message, print_caller_location: true)
  with_env(unbundled_env) { yield }
end

@deprecated Use ‘with_unbundled_env` instead

Source

def with_original_env
  with_env(original_env) { yield }
end

Run block with environment present before Bundler was activated

Source

def with_unbundled_env
  with_env(unbundled_env) { yield }
end

Run block with all bundler-related variables removed

Private Class Methods

Source

def configure_gem_home(path)
  Bundler::SharedHelpers.set_env "GEM_HOME", path.to_s
end

Source

def configure_gem_path
  unless use_system_gems?
    
    
    
    Bundler::SharedHelpers.set_env "GEM_PATH", ""
  end
end

Source

def eval_gemspec(path, contents)
  if contents.start_with?("---") 
    eval_yaml_gemspec(path, contents)
  else
    
    
    SharedHelpers.chdir(path.dirname.to_s) do
      eval(contents, TOPLEVEL_BINDING.dup, path.expand_path.to_s)
    end
  end
rescue ScriptError, StandardError => e
  msg = "There was an error while loading `#{path.basename}`: #{e.message}"

  raise GemspecError, Dsl::DSLError.new(msg, path.to_s, e.backtrace, contents)
end

Source

def eval_yaml_gemspec(path, contents)
  Kernel.require "psych"

  Gem::Specification.from_yaml(contents)
end

Source

def load_marshal(data, marshal_proc: nil)
  Marshal.load(data, marshal_proc)
rescue TypeError => e
  raise MarshalError, "#{e.class}: #{e.message}"
end

Source

def tmp_home_path
  Kernel.send(:require, "tmpdir")
  SharedHelpers.filesystem_access(Dir.tmpdir) do
    path = Bundler.tmp
    at_exit { Bundler.rm_rf(path) }
    path
  end
end

Source

def unbundle_env(env)
  if env.key?("BUNDLER_ORIG_MANPATH")
    env["MANPATH"] = env["BUNDLER_ORIG_MANPATH"]
  end

  env.delete_if {|k, _| k[0, 7] == "BUNDLE_" }
  env.delete("BUNDLER_SETUP")

  if env.key?("RUBYOPT")
    rubyopt = env["RUBYOPT"].split(" ")
    rubyopt.delete("-r#{File.expand_path("bundler/setup", __dir__)}")
    rubyopt.delete("-rbundler/setup")
    env["RUBYOPT"] = rubyopt.join(" ")
  end

  if env.key?("RUBYLIB")
    rubylib = env["RUBYLIB"].split(File::PATH_SEPARATOR)
    rubylib.delete(__dir__)
    env["RUBYLIB"] = rubylib.join(File::PATH_SEPARATOR)
  end

  env
end

Source

def with_env(env)
  backup = ENV.to_hash
  ENV.replace(env)
  yield
ensure
  ENV.replace(backup)
end

@param env [Hash]


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