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Showing content from https://docs.ruby-lang.org/en/3.4/Gem/Source.html below:

class Gem::Source - Documentation for Ruby 3.4

1. Gem::
2. Source

A Source knows how to list and fetch gems from a RubyGems marshal index.

There are other Source subclasses for installed gems, local gems, the bundler dependency API and so-forth.

The URI this source will fetch gems from.

def initialize(uri)
  require_relative "uri"
  @uri = Gem::Uri.parse!(uri)
  @update_cache = nil
end

Creates a new Source which will use the index located at uri.

def <=>(other)
  case other
  when Gem::Source::Installed,
       Gem::Source::Local,
       Gem::Source::Lock,
       Gem::Source::SpecificFile,
       Gem::Source::Git,
       Gem::Source::Vendor then
    -1
  when Gem::Source then
    unless @uri
      return 0 unless other.uri
      return 1
    end

    return -1 unless other.uri

    
    
    return 1 unless @uri.to_s == other.uri.to_s

    0
  end
end

Sources are ordered by installation preference.

def cache_dir(uri)
  
  escaped_path = uri.path.sub(%r{^/([a-z]):/}i, '/\\1-/')

  File.join Gem.spec_cache_dir, "#{uri.host}%#{uri.port}", File.dirname(escaped_path)
end

Returns the local directory to write uri to.

def download(spec, dir=Dir.pwd)
  fetcher = Gem::RemoteFetcher.fetcher
  fetcher.download spec, uri.to_s, dir
end

Downloads spec and writes it to dir. See also Gem::RemoteFetcher#download.

def fetch_spec(name_tuple)
  fetcher = Gem::RemoteFetcher.fetcher

  spec_file_name = name_tuple.spec_name

  source_uri = enforce_trailing_slash(uri) + "#{Gem::MARSHAL_SPEC_DIR}#{spec_file_name}"

  cache_dir = cache_dir source_uri

  local_spec = File.join cache_dir, spec_file_name

  if File.exist? local_spec
    spec = Gem.read_binary local_spec
    Gem.load_safe_marshal
    spec = begin
             Gem::SafeMarshal.safe_load(spec)
           rescue StandardError
             nil
           end
    return spec if spec
  end

  source_uri.path << ".rz"

  spec = fetcher.fetch_path source_uri
  spec = Gem::Util.inflate spec

  if update_cache?
    require "fileutils"
    FileUtils.mkdir_p cache_dir

    File.open local_spec, "wb" do |io|
      io.write spec
    end
  end

  Gem.load_safe_marshal
  
  Gem::SafeMarshal.safe_load spec
end

Fetches a specification for the given name_tuple.

def load_specs(type)
  file       = FILES[type]
  fetcher    = Gem::RemoteFetcher.fetcher
  file_name  = "#{file}.#{Gem.marshal_version}"
  spec_path  = enforce_trailing_slash(uri) + "#{file_name}.gz"
  cache_dir  = cache_dir spec_path
  local_file = File.join(cache_dir, file_name)
  retried    = false

  if update_cache?
    require "fileutils"
    FileUtils.mkdir_p cache_dir
  end

  spec_dump = fetcher.cache_update_path spec_path, local_file, update_cache?

  Gem.load_safe_marshal
  begin
    Gem::NameTuple.from_list Gem::SafeMarshal.safe_load(spec_dump)
  rescue ArgumentError
    if update_cache? && !retried
      FileUtils.rm local_file
      retried = true
      retry
    else
      raise Gem::Exception.new("Invalid spec cache file in #{local_file}")
    end
  end
end

Loads type kind of specs fetching from +@uri+ if the on-disk cache is out of date.

type is one of the following:

:released => Return the list of all released specs :latest => Return the list of only the highest version of each gem :prerelease => Return the list of all prerelease only specs

def typo_squatting?(host, distance_threshold=4)
  return if @uri.host.nil?
  levenshtein_distance(@uri.host, host).between? 1, distance_threshold
end

def update_cache?
  return @update_cache unless @update_cache.nil?
  @update_cache =
    begin
      File.stat(Gem.user_home).uid == Process.uid
    rescue Errno::ENOENT
      false
    end
end

Returns true when it is possible and safe to update the cache directory.

def enforce_trailing_slash(uri)
  uri.merge(uri.path.gsub(%r{/+$}, "") + "/")
end

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