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Ipv6Addr in cap_std::net - Rust

pub struct Ipv6Addr {  }

An IPv6 address.

IPv6 addresses are defined as 128-bit integers in IETF RFC 4291. They are usually represented as eight 16-bit segments.

See IpAddr for a type encompassing both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses.

To assist in the transition from IPv4 to IPv6 two types of IPv6 addresses that embed an IPv4 address were defined: IPv4-compatible and IPv4-mapped addresses. Of these IPv4-compatible addresses have been officially deprecated.

Both types of addresses are not assigned any special meaning by this implementation, other than what the relevant standards prescribe. This means that an address like ::ffff:127.0.0.1, while representing an IPv4 loopback address, is not itself an IPv6 loopback address; only ::1 is. To handle these so called “IPv4-in-IPv6” addresses, they have to first be converted to their canonical IPv4 address.

IPv4-compatible IPv6 addresses are defined in IETF RFC 4291 Section 2.5.5.1, and have been officially deprecated. The RFC describes the format of an “IPv4-Compatible IPv6 address” as follows:

|                80 bits               | 16 |      32 bits        |
+--------------------------------------+--------------------------+
|0000..............................0000|0000|    IPv4 address     |
+--------------------------------------+----+---------------------+

So ::a.b.c.d would be an IPv4-compatible IPv6 address representing the IPv4 address a.b.c.d.

To convert from an IPv4 address to an IPv4-compatible IPv6 address, use Ipv4Addr::to_ipv6_compatible. Use Ipv6Addr::to_ipv4 to convert an IPv4-compatible IPv6 address to the canonical IPv4 address.

IPv4-mapped IPv6 addresses are defined in IETF RFC 4291 Section 2.5.5.2. The RFC describes the format of an “IPv4-Mapped IPv6 address” as follows:

|                80 bits               | 16 |      32 bits        |
+--------------------------------------+--------------------------+
|0000..............................0000|FFFF|    IPv4 address     |
+--------------------------------------+----+---------------------+

So ::ffff:a.b.c.d would be an IPv4-mapped IPv6 address representing the IPv4 address a.b.c.d.

To convert from an IPv4 address to an IPv4-mapped IPv6 address, use Ipv4Addr::to_ipv6_mapped. Use Ipv6Addr::to_ipv4 to convert an IPv4-mapped IPv6 address to the canonical IPv4 address. Note that this will also convert the IPv6 loopback address ::1 to 0.0.0.1. Use Ipv6Addr::to_ipv4_mapped to avoid this.

Ipv6Addr provides a FromStr implementation. There are many ways to represent an IPv6 address in text, but in general, each segments is written in hexadecimal notation, and segments are separated by :. For more information, see IETF RFC 5952.

use std::net::Ipv6Addr;

let localhost = Ipv6Addr::new(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1);
assert_eq!("::1".parse(), Ok(localhost));
assert_eq!(localhost.is_loopback(), true);

The size of an IPv6 address in bits.

use std::net::Ipv6Addr;

assert_eq!(Ipv6Addr::BITS, 128);

An IPv6 address representing localhost: ::1.

This corresponds to constant IN6ADDR_LOOPBACK_INIT or in6addr_loopback in other languages.

use std::net::Ipv6Addr;

let addr = Ipv6Addr::LOCALHOST;
assert_eq!(addr, Ipv6Addr::new(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1));

An IPv6 address representing the unspecified address: ::.

This corresponds to constant IN6ADDR_ANY_INIT or in6addr_any in other languages.

use std::net::Ipv6Addr;

let addr = Ipv6Addr::UNSPECIFIED;
assert_eq!(addr, Ipv6Addr::new(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0));

Creates a new IPv6 address from eight 16-bit segments.

The result will represent the IP address a:b:c:d:e:f:g:h.

use std::net::Ipv6Addr;

let addr = Ipv6Addr::new(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0xffff, 0xc00a, 0x2ff);

Converts an IPv6 address into a u128 representation using native byte order.

Although IPv6 addresses are big-endian, the u128 value will use the target platform’s native byte order. That is, the u128 value is an integer representation of the IPv6 address and not an integer interpretation of the IPv6 address’s big-endian bitstring. This means that the u128 value masked with 0xffffffffffffffffffffffffffff0000_u128 will set the last segment in the address to 0, regardless of the target platform’s endianness.

use std::net::Ipv6Addr;

let addr = Ipv6Addr::new(
    0x1020, 0x3040, 0x5060, 0x7080,
    0x90A0, 0xB0C0, 0xD0E0, 0xF00D,
);
assert_eq!(0x102030405060708090A0B0C0D0E0F00D_u128, addr.to_bits());

use std::net::Ipv6Addr;

let addr = Ipv6Addr::new(
    0x1020, 0x3040, 0x5060, 0x7080,
    0x90A0, 0xB0C0, 0xD0E0, 0xF00D,
);
let addr_bits = addr.to_bits() & 0xffffffffffffffffffffffffffff0000_u128;
assert_eq!(
    Ipv6Addr::new(
        0x1020, 0x3040, 0x5060, 0x7080,
        0x90A0, 0xB0C0, 0xD0E0, 0x0000,
    ),
    Ipv6Addr::from_bits(addr_bits));

Converts a native byte order u128 into an IPv6 address.

See Ipv6Addr::to_bits for an explanation on endianness.

use std::net::Ipv6Addr;

let addr = Ipv6Addr::from_bits(0x102030405060708090A0B0C0D0E0F00D_u128);
assert_eq!(
    Ipv6Addr::new(
        0x1020, 0x3040, 0x5060, 0x7080,
        0x90A0, 0xB0C0, 0xD0E0, 0xF00D,
    ),
    addr);

Returns the eight 16-bit segments that make up this address.

use std::net::Ipv6Addr;

assert_eq!(Ipv6Addr::new(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0xffff, 0xc00a, 0x2ff).segments(),
           [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0xffff, 0xc00a, 0x2ff]);

Creates an Ipv6Addr from an eight element 16-bit array.

#![feature(ip_from)]
use std::net::Ipv6Addr;

let addr = Ipv6Addr::from_segments([
    0x20du16, 0x20cu16, 0x20bu16, 0x20au16,
    0x209u16, 0x208u16, 0x207u16, 0x206u16,
]);
assert_eq!(
    Ipv6Addr::new(
        0x20d, 0x20c, 0x20b, 0x20a,
        0x209, 0x208, 0x207, 0x206,
    ),
    addr
);

Returns true for the special ‘unspecified’ address (::).

This property is defined in IETF RFC 4291.

use std::net::Ipv6Addr;

assert_eq!(Ipv6Addr::new(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0xffff, 0xc00a, 0x2ff).is_unspecified(), false);
assert_eq!(Ipv6Addr::new(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0).is_unspecified(), true);

Returns true if this is the loopback address (::1), as defined in IETF RFC 4291 section 2.5.3.

Contrary to IPv4, in IPv6 there is only one loopback address.

use std::net::Ipv6Addr;

assert_eq!(Ipv6Addr::new(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0xffff, 0xc00a, 0x2ff).is_loopback(), false);
assert_eq!(Ipv6Addr::new(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0x1).is_loopback(), true);

Returns true if the address appears to be globally reachable as specified by the IANA IPv6 Special-Purpose Address Registry.

Whether or not an address is practically reachable will depend on your network configuration. Most IPv6 addresses are globally reachable, unless they are specifically defined as not globally reachable.

Non-exhaustive list of notable addresses that are not globally reachable:

• The unspecified address (is_unspecified)
• The loopback address (is_loopback)
• IPv4-mapped addresses
• Addresses reserved for benchmarking (is_benchmarking)
• Addresses reserved for documentation (is_documentation)
• Unique local addresses (is_unique_local)
• Unicast addresses with link-local scope (is_unicast_link_local)

For the complete overview of which addresses are globally reachable, see the table at the IANA IPv6 Special-Purpose Address Registry.

Note that an address having global scope is not the same as being globally reachable, and there is no direct relation between the two concepts: There exist addresses with global scope that are not globally reachable (for example unique local addresses), and addresses that are globally reachable without having global scope (multicast addresses with non-global scope).

#![feature(ip)]

use std::net::Ipv6Addr;

assert_eq!(Ipv6Addr::new(0x26, 0, 0x1c9, 0, 0, 0xafc8, 0x10, 0x1).is_global(), true);

assert_eq!(Ipv6Addr::UNSPECIFIED.is_global(), false);

assert_eq!(Ipv6Addr::LOCALHOST.is_global(), false);

assert_eq!(Ipv6Addr::new(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0xffff, 0xc00a, 0x2ff).is_global(), false);

assert_eq!(Ipv6Addr::new(0x2001, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1,).is_global(), false);

assert_eq!(Ipv6Addr::new(0x2001, 0xdb8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1).is_global(), false);
assert_eq!(Ipv6Addr::new(0x3fff, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0).is_global(), false);

assert_eq!(Ipv6Addr::new(0xfc02, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1).is_global(), false);

assert_eq!(Ipv6Addr::new(0xfe81, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1).is_global(), false);

Returns true if this is a unique local address (fc00::/7).

This property is defined in IETF RFC 4193.

use std::net::Ipv6Addr;

assert_eq!(Ipv6Addr::new(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0xffff, 0xc00a, 0x2ff).is_unique_local(), false);
assert_eq!(Ipv6Addr::new(0xfc02, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0).is_unique_local(), true);

Returns true if this is a unicast address, as defined by IETF RFC 4291. Any address that is not a multicast address (ff00::/8) is unicast.

#![feature(ip)]

use std::net::Ipv6Addr;

assert_eq!(Ipv6Addr::UNSPECIFIED.is_unicast(), true);
assert_eq!(Ipv6Addr::LOCALHOST.is_unicast(), true);

assert_eq!(Ipv6Addr::new(0x2001, 0xdb8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0).is_unicast(), true);
assert_eq!(Ipv6Addr::new(0xff00, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0).is_unicast(), false);

Returns true if the address is a unicast address with link-local scope, as defined in RFC 4291.

A unicast address has link-local scope if it has the prefix fe80::/10, as per RFC 4291 section 2.4. Note that this encompasses more addresses than those defined in RFC 4291 section 2.5.6, which describes “Link-Local IPv6 Unicast Addresses” as having the following stricter format:

| 10 bits  |         54 bits         |          64 bits           |
+----------+-------------------------+----------------------------+
|1111111010|           0             |       interface ID         |
+----------+-------------------------+----------------------------+

So while currently the only addresses with link-local scope an application will encounter are all in fe80::/64, this might change in the future with the publication of new standards. More addresses in fe80::/10 could be allocated, and those addresses will have link-local scope.

Also note that while RFC 4291 section 2.5.3 mentions about the loopback address (::1) that “it is treated as having Link-Local scope”, this does not mean that the loopback address actually has link-local scope and this method will return false on it.

use std::net::Ipv6Addr;

assert_eq!(Ipv6Addr::LOCALHOST.is_unicast_link_local(), false);

assert_eq!(Ipv6Addr::new(0x2001, 0xdb8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0).is_unicast_link_local(), false);
assert_eq!(Ipv6Addr::new(0xfe80, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0).is_unicast_link_local(), true);

assert_eq!(Ipv6Addr::new(0xfe80, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0).is_unicast_link_local(), true);
assert_eq!(Ipv6Addr::new(0xfe81, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0).is_unicast_link_local(), true);

Returns true if this is an address reserved for documentation (2001:db8::/32 and 3fff::/20).

This property is defined by IETF RFC 3849 and IETF RFC 9637.

#![feature(ip)]

use std::net::Ipv6Addr;

assert_eq!(Ipv6Addr::new(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0xffff, 0xc00a, 0x2ff).is_documentation(), false);
assert_eq!(Ipv6Addr::new(0x2001, 0xdb8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0).is_documentation(), true);
assert_eq!(Ipv6Addr::new(0x3fff, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0).is_documentation(), true);

Returns true if this is an address reserved for benchmarking (2001:2::/48).

This property is defined in IETF RFC 5180, where it is mistakenly specified as covering the range 2001:0200::/48. This is corrected in IETF RFC Errata 1752 to 2001:0002::/48.

#![feature(ip)]

use std::net::Ipv6Addr;

assert_eq!(Ipv6Addr::new(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0xffff, 0xc613, 0x0).is_benchmarking(), false);
assert_eq!(Ipv6Addr::new(0x2001, 0x2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0).is_benchmarking(), true);

Returns true if the address is a globally routable unicast address.

The following return false:

• the loopback address
• the link-local addresses
• unique local addresses
• the unspecified address
• the address range reserved for documentation

This method returns true for site-local addresses as per RFC 4291 section 2.5.7

The special behavior of [the site-local unicast] prefix defined in [RFC3513] must no longer
be supported in new implementations (i.e., new implementations must treat this prefix as
Global Unicast).

#![feature(ip)]

use std::net::Ipv6Addr;

assert_eq!(Ipv6Addr::new(0x2001, 0xdb8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0).is_unicast_global(), false);
assert_eq!(Ipv6Addr::new(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0xffff, 0xc00a, 0x2ff).is_unicast_global(), true);

Returns the address’s multicast scope if the address is multicast.

#![feature(ip)]

use std::net::{Ipv6Addr, Ipv6MulticastScope};

assert_eq!(
    Ipv6Addr::new(0xff0e, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0).multicast_scope(),
    Some(Ipv6MulticastScope::Global)
);
assert_eq!(Ipv6Addr::new(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0xffff, 0xc00a, 0x2ff).multicast_scope(), None);

Returns true if this is a multicast address (ff00::/8).

This property is defined by IETF RFC 4291.

use std::net::Ipv6Addr;

assert_eq!(Ipv6Addr::new(0xff00, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0).is_multicast(), true);
assert_eq!(Ipv6Addr::new(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0xffff, 0xc00a, 0x2ff).is_multicast(), false);

Returns true if the address is an IPv4-mapped address (::ffff:0:0/96).

IPv4-mapped addresses can be converted to their canonical IPv4 address with to_ipv4_mapped.

#![feature(ip)]

use std::net::{Ipv4Addr, Ipv6Addr};

let ipv4_mapped = Ipv4Addr::new(192, 0, 2, 255).to_ipv6_mapped();
assert_eq!(ipv4_mapped.is_ipv4_mapped(), true);
assert_eq!(Ipv6Addr::new(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0xffff, 0xc000, 0x2ff).is_ipv4_mapped(), true);

assert_eq!(Ipv6Addr::new(0x2001, 0xdb8, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0).is_ipv4_mapped(), false);

Converts this address to an IPv4 address if it’s an IPv4-mapped address, as defined in IETF RFC 4291 section 2.5.5.2, otherwise returns None.

::ffff:a.b.c.d becomes a.b.c.d. All addresses not starting with ::ffff will return None.

use std::net::{Ipv4Addr, Ipv6Addr};

assert_eq!(Ipv6Addr::new(0xff00, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0).to_ipv4_mapped(), None);
assert_eq!(Ipv6Addr::new(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0xffff, 0xc00a, 0x2ff).to_ipv4_mapped(),
           Some(Ipv4Addr::new(192, 10, 2, 255)));
assert_eq!(Ipv6Addr::new(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1).to_ipv4_mapped(), None);

Converts this address to an IPv4 address if it is either an IPv4-compatible address as defined in IETF RFC 4291 section 2.5.5.1, or an IPv4-mapped address as defined in IETF RFC 4291 section 2.5.5.2, otherwise returns None.

Note that this will return an IPv4 address for the IPv6 loopback address ::1. Use Ipv6Addr::to_ipv4_mapped to avoid this.

::a.b.c.d and ::ffff:a.b.c.d become a.b.c.d. ::1 becomes 0.0.0.1. All addresses not starting with either all zeroes or ::ffff will return None.

use std::net::{Ipv4Addr, Ipv6Addr};

assert_eq!(Ipv6Addr::new(0xff00, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0).to_ipv4(), None);
assert_eq!(Ipv6Addr::new(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0xffff, 0xc00a, 0x2ff).to_ipv4(),
           Some(Ipv4Addr::new(192, 10, 2, 255)));
assert_eq!(Ipv6Addr::new(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1).to_ipv4(),
           Some(Ipv4Addr::new(0, 0, 0, 1)));

Converts this address to an IpAddr::V4 if it is an IPv4-mapped address, otherwise returns self wrapped in an IpAddr::V6.

use std::net::Ipv6Addr;

assert_eq!(Ipv6Addr::new(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0xffff, 0x7f00, 0x1).is_loopback(), false);
assert_eq!(Ipv6Addr::new(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0xffff, 0x7f00, 0x1).to_canonical().is_loopback(), true);

Returns the sixteen eight-bit integers the IPv6 address consists of.

use std::net::Ipv6Addr;

assert_eq!(Ipv6Addr::new(0xff00, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0).octets(),
           [0xff, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]);

Creates an Ipv6Addr from a sixteen element byte array.

#![feature(ip_from)]
use std::net::Ipv6Addr;

let addr = Ipv6Addr::from_octets([
    0x19u8, 0x18u8, 0x17u8, 0x16u8, 0x15u8, 0x14u8, 0x13u8, 0x12u8,
    0x11u8, 0x10u8, 0x0fu8, 0x0eu8, 0x0du8, 0x0cu8, 0x0bu8, 0x0au8,
]);
assert_eq!(
    Ipv6Addr::new(
        0x1918, 0x1716, 0x1514, 0x1312,
        0x1110, 0x0f0e, 0x0d0c, 0x0b0a,
    ),
    addr
);

Returns the sixteen eight-bit integers the IPv6 address consists of as a slice.

#![feature(ip_as_octets)]

use std::net::Ipv6Addr;

assert_eq!(Ipv6Addr::new(0xff00, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0).as_octets(),
           &[255, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0])

Parse an IPv6 address from a slice of bytes.

#![feature(addr_parse_ascii)]

use std::net::Ipv6Addr;

let localhost = Ipv6Addr::new(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1);

assert_eq!(Ipv6Addr::parse_ascii(b"::1"), Ok(localhost));

Writes an Ipv6Addr, conforming to the canonical style described by RFC 5952.

Creates an Ipv6Addr from an eight element 16-bit array.

use std::net::Ipv6Addr;

let addr = Ipv6Addr::from([
    0x20du16, 0x20cu16, 0x20bu16, 0x20au16,
    0x209u16, 0x208u16, 0x207u16, 0x206u16,
]);
assert_eq!(
    Ipv6Addr::new(
        0x20d, 0x20c, 0x20b, 0x20a,
        0x209, 0x208, 0x207, 0x206,
    ),
    addr
);

Creates an Ipv6Addr from a sixteen element byte array.

use std::net::Ipv6Addr;

let addr = Ipv6Addr::from([
    0x19u8, 0x18u8, 0x17u8, 0x16u8, 0x15u8, 0x14u8, 0x13u8, 0x12u8,
    0x11u8, 0x10u8, 0x0fu8, 0x0eu8, 0x0du8, 0x0cu8, 0x0bu8, 0x0au8,
]);
assert_eq!(
    Ipv6Addr::new(
        0x1918, 0x1716, 0x1514, 0x1312,
        0x1110, 0x0f0e, 0x0d0c, 0x0b0a,
    ),
    addr
);

Copies this address to a new IpAddr::V6.

use std::net::{IpAddr, Ipv6Addr};

let addr = Ipv6Addr::new(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0xffff, 0xc00a, 0x2ff);

assert_eq!(
    IpAddr::V6(addr),
    IpAddr::from(addr)
);

The associated error which can be returned from parsing.

Parses a string

to return a value of this type.

Tests for self and other values to be equal, and is used by ==.

Tests for !=. The default implementation is almost always sufficient, and should not be overridden without very good reason.

Tests for self and other values to be equal, and is used by ==.

Tests for !=. The default implementation is almost always sufficient, and should not be overridden without very good reason.

Tests for self and other values to be equal, and is used by ==.

Tests for !=. The default implementation is almost always sufficient, and should not be overridden without very good reason.

This method returns an ordering between

and

values if one exists.

Tests less than (for

and

) and is used by the

operator.

Tests less than or equal to (for

and

) and is used by the

operator.

Tests greater than (for

and

) and is used by the

operator.

Tests greater than or equal to (for

and

) and is used by the

operator.

This method returns an ordering between

and

values if one exists.

Tests less than (for

and

) and is used by the

operator.

Tests less than or equal to (for

and

) and is used by the

operator.

Tests greater than (for

and

) and is used by the

operator.

Tests greater than or equal to (for

and

) and is used by the

operator.

This method returns an ordering between

and

values if one exists.

Tests less than (for

and

) and is used by the

operator.

Tests less than or equal to (for

and

) and is used by the

operator.

Tests greater than (for

and

) and is used by the

operator.

Tests greater than or equal to (for

and

) and is used by the

operator.

Returns the value that would be obtained by taking the

of

times.

Returns the value that would be obtained by taking the

of

times.

Returns the value that would be obtained by taking the

of

times.

Returns the value that would be obtained by taking the

of

times.

Returns the value that would be obtained by taking the

of

times.

Returns the value that would be obtained by taking the

of

times.

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