“Racket” is more of an idea about programming languages than a language in the usual sense. Macros can extend a base language (as described in Macros), and alternate parsers can construct an entirely new language from the ground up (as described in Creating Languages).
The #lang line that starts a Racket module declares the base language of the module. By “Racket,” we usually mean #lang followed by the base language racket or racket/base (of which racket is an extension). The Racket distribution provides additional languages, including the following:
typed/racket — like racket, but statically typed; see the Typed Racket Guide documentation.
lazy — like racket/base, but avoids evaluating an expression until its value is needed; see the Lazy Racket documentation.
frtime — changes evaluation in an even more radical way to support reactive programming; see the FrTime documentation.
scribble/base — a language, which looks more like Latex than Racket, for writing documentation; see Scribble: The Racket Documentation Tool
Each of these languages is used by starting module with the language name after #lang. For example, this source of this document starts with #lang scribble/base.
Furthermore, Racket users can define their own languages, as discussed in Creating Languages. Typically, a language name maps to its implementation through a module path by adding /lang/reader; for example, the language name scribble/base is expanded to scribble/base/lang/reader, which is the module that implements the surface-syntax parser. Some language names act as language loaders; for example, #lang planet planet-path downloads, installs, and uses a language via PLaneT.
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