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Showing content from https://docs.pmd-code.org/apidocs/pmd-xml/7.5.0/net/sourceforge/pmd/lang/xml/rule/DomXPathRule.html below:

DomXPathRule (PMD XML and XSL 7.5.0 API)

XPath rule that executes an expression on the DOM directly, and not on the PMD AST wrapper. The XPath expressions adheres to the XPath (2.0) spec, so they can be tested in any existing XPath testing tools instead of just the PMD designer (google "xpath test"). Usage of this class is strongly recommended over the standard

, which is mostly useful in other PMD languages.

This rule and

do not accept exactly the same queries, because

implements the XPath spec in an ad-hoc way. The main differences are:

• XPathRule uses elements to represent text nodes. This is contrary to the XPath spec, in which element and text nodes are different kinds of nodes. To replace the query //elt/text[@Text="abc"], use the XPath function text(), eg //elt[text()="abc"].
• XPathRule adds additional attributes to each element (eg @BeginLine and @Text). These attributes are not XML attributes, so they are not accessible using DomXPathRule rule. Instead, use the XPath functions pmd:startLine(node), pmd:endLine(node) and related. For instance, replace //elt[@EndLine - @BeginLine > 10] with elt[pmd:endLine(.) - pmd:startLine(.) > 10].
• XPathRule uses an element called "document" as the root node of every XML AST. This node does not have the correct node kind, as it's an element, not a document. To replace /document/RootNode, use just /RootNode.
• XPathRule ignores comments and processing instructions (eg FXML's <?import javafx.Node ?>). This rule makes them accessible with the regular XPath syntax. The following finds all comments in the file:

  
    //comment()
   

  The following finds only top-level comments starting with "prefix":

  
    /comment()[fn:starts-with(fn:string(.), "prefix")]
   

  Note the use of fn:string. As an example of matching processing instructions, the following fetches all <?import ... ?> processing instructions.

  
    /processing-instruction('import')
   

  The string value of the instruction can be found with fn:string.

Additionally, this rule only supports XPath 2.0, with no option for configuration. This will be bumped to XPath 3.1 in PMD 7.

Another important difference is that this rule is namespace-sensitive. If the tested XML documents use a schema (xmlns attribute on the root), you should set the property defaultNsUri on the rule with the value of the xmlns attribute. Otherwise node tests won't match unless you use a wildcard URI prefix (*:nodeName).

For instance for the document

 <foo xmlns="http://company.com/aschema">
 </foo>
 

the XPath query

will not match anything, while

will. If you set the property

to

, then

will be expanded to

, and match the

node. The behaviour is equivalent in the following document:

 <my:foo xmlns:my='http://company.com/aschema'>
 </my:foo>
 

However, for the document

 <foo>
 </foo>
 

the XPath queries

and

both match, because

is expanded to

(local name foo, empty URI), and the document has no default namespace (= the empty default namespace).

Note that explicitly specifying URIs with Q{...}localName as in this documentation is XPath 3.1 syntax and will only be available in PMD 7.

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