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Showing content from https://docs.oracle.com/en/java/javase/20/docs/api/java.base/java/util/concurrent/Executor.html below:

Executor (Java SE 20 & JDK 20)

All Known Subinterfaces:
ExecutorService, ScheduledExecutorService
All Known Implementing Classes:
AbstractExecutorService, ForkJoinPool, ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor, ThreadPoolExecutor

public interface Executor

An object that executes submitted

Runnable

tasks. This interface provides a way of decoupling task submission from the mechanics of how each task will be run, including details of thread use, scheduling, etc. An

Executor

is normally used instead of explicitly creating threads. For example, rather than invoking

new Thread(new RunnableTask()).start()

for each of a set of tasks, you might use:

 
 Executor executor = anExecutor();
 executor.execute(new RunnableTask1());
 executor.execute(new RunnableTask2());
 ...

However, the

Executor

interface does not strictly require that execution be asynchronous. In the simplest case, an executor can run the submitted task immediately in the caller's thread:

 
 class DirectExecutor implements Executor {
   public void execute(Runnable r) {
     r.run();
   }
 }

More typically, tasks are executed in some thread other than the caller's thread. The executor below spawns a new thread for each task.

 
 class ThreadPerTaskExecutor implements Executor {
   public void execute(Runnable r) {
     new Thread(r).start();
   }
 }

Many

Executor

implementations impose some sort of limitation on how and when tasks are scheduled. The executor below serializes the submission of tasks to a second executor, illustrating a composite executor.

 
 class SerialExecutor implements Executor {
   final Queue<Runnable> tasks = new ArrayDeque<>();
   final Executor executor;
   Runnable active;

   SerialExecutor(Executor executor) {
     this.executor = executor;
   }

   public synchronized void execute(Runnable r) {
     tasks.add(() -> {
       try {
         r.run();
       } finally {
         scheduleNext();
       }
     });
     if (active == null) {
       scheduleNext();
     }
   }

   protected synchronized void scheduleNext() {
     if ((active = tasks.poll()) != null) {
       executor.execute(active);
     }
   }
 }

The

Executor

implementations provided in this package implement

ExecutorService

, which is a more extensive interface. The

ThreadPoolExecutor

class provides an extensible thread pool implementation. The

Executors

class provides convenient factory methods for these Executors.

Memory consistency effects: Actions in a thread prior to submitting a Runnable object to an Executor happen-before its execution begins, perhaps in another thread.

Since:
1.5

Report a bug or suggest an enhancement
For further API reference and developer documentation see the Java SE Documentation, which contains more detailed, developer-targeted descriptions with conceptual overviews, definitions of terms, workarounds, and working code examples. Other versions.
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All rights reserved. Use is subject to license terms and the documentation redistribution policy.


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