static int
CONCURRENT
Characteristic value signifying that the element source may be safely concurrently modified (allowing additions, replacements, and/or removals) by multiple threads without external synchronization.
static int
DISTINCT
Characteristic value signifying that, for each pair of encountered elements x, y
, !x.equals(y)
.
static int
IMMUTABLE
Characteristic value signifying that the element source cannot be structurally modified; that is, elements cannot be added, replaced, or removed, so such changes cannot occur during traversal.
static int
NONNULL
Characteristic value signifying that the source guarantees that encountered elements will not be null
.
static int
ORDERED
Characteristic value signifying that an encounter order is defined for elements.
static int
SIZED
Characteristic value signifying that the value returned from estimateSize()
prior to traversal or splitting represents a finite size that, in the absence of structural source modification, represents an exact count of the number of elements that would be encountered by a complete traversal.
static int
SORTED
Characteristic value signifying that encounter order follows a defined sort order.
static int
SUBSIZED
Characteristic value signifying that all Spliterators resulting from
trySplit()
will be both
SIZED
and
SUBSIZED
.
int
characteristics()
Returns a set of characteristics of this Spliterator and its elements.
long
estimateSize()
Returns an estimate of the number of elements that would be encountered by a
forEachRemaining(java.util.function.Consumer<? super T>)
traversal, or returns
Long.MAX_VALUE
if infinite, unknown, or too expensive to compute.
default void
forEachRemaining(Consumer<? super T> action)
Performs the given action for each remaining element, sequentially in the current thread, until all elements have been processed or the action throws an exception.
default Comparator<? super T>
getComparator()
If this Spliterator's source is
SORTED
by a
Comparator
, returns that
Comparator
.
default long
getExactSizeIfKnown()
Convenience method that returns
estimateSize()
if this Spliterator is
SIZED
, else
-1
.
default boolean
hasCharacteristics(int characteristics)
Returns
true
if this Spliterator's
characteristics()
contain all of the given characteristics.
boolean
tryAdvance(Consumer<? super T> action)
If a remaining element exists, performs the given action on it, returning true
; else returns false
.
Spliterator<T>
trySplit()
If this spliterator can be partitioned, returns a Spliterator covering elements, that will, upon return from this method, not be covered by this Spliterator.
static final int ORDERED
List
. But no order is guaranteed for hash-based collections such as HashSet
. Clients of a Spliterator that reports ORDERED
are expected to preserve ordering constraints in non-commutative parallel computations.
static final int DISTINCT
Characteristic value signifying that, for each pair of encountered elements
x, y
,
!x.equals(y)
. This applies for example, to a Spliterator based on a
Set
.
static final int SORTED
Characteristic value signifying that encounter order follows a defined sort order. If so, method
getComparator()
returns the associated Comparator, or
null
if all elements are
Comparable
and are sorted by their natural ordering.
A Spliterator that reports SORTED
must also report ORDERED
.
Collection
classes in the JDK that implement NavigableSet
or SortedSet
report SORTED
.
static final int SIZED
Characteristic value signifying that the value returned from estimateSize()
prior to traversal or splitting represents a finite size that, in the absence of structural source modification, represents an exact count of the number of elements that would be encountered by a complete traversal.
Collection
report this characteristic. Sub-spliterators, such as those for HashSet
, that cover a sub-set of elements and approximate their reported size do not.
static final int NONNULL
Characteristic value signifying that the source guarantees that encountered elements will not be null
. (This applies, for example, to most concurrent collections, queues, and maps.)
static final int IMMUTABLE
Characteristic value signifying that the element source cannot be structurally modified; that is, elements cannot be added, replaced, or removed, so such changes cannot occur during traversal. A Spliterator that does not report
IMMUTABLE
or
CONCURRENT
is expected to have a documented policy (for example throwing
ConcurrentModificationException
) concerning structural interference detected during traversal.
static final int CONCURRENT
Characteristic value signifying that the element source may be safely concurrently modified (allowing additions, replacements, and/or removals) by multiple threads without external synchronization. If so, the Spliterator is expected to have a documented policy concerning the impact of modifications during traversal.
A top-level Spliterator should not report both CONCURRENT
and SIZED
, since the finite size, if known, may change if the source is concurrently modified during traversal. Such a Spliterator is inconsistent and no guarantees can be made about any computation using that Spliterator. Sub-spliterators may report SIZED
if the sub-split size is known and additions or removals to the source are not reflected when traversing.
A top-level Spliterator should not report both CONCURRENT
and IMMUTABLE
, since they are mutually exclusive. Such a Spliterator is inconsistent and no guarantees can be made about any computation using that Spliterator. Sub-spliterators may report IMMUTABLE
if additions or removals to the source are not reflected when traversing.
static final int SUBSIZED
Characteristic value signifying that all Spliterators resulting from
trySplit()
will be both
SIZED
and
SUBSIZED
. (This means that all child Spliterators, whether direct or indirect, will be
SIZED
.)
A Spliterator that does not report SIZED
as required by SUBSIZED
is inconsistent and no guarantees can be made about any computation using that Spliterator.
SIZED
but not SUBSIZED
, since it is common to know the size of the entire tree but not the exact sizes of subtrees.
boolean tryAdvance(Consumer<? super T> action)
If a remaining element exists, performs the given action on it, returning
true
; else returns
false
. If this Spliterator is
ORDERED
the action is performed on the next element in encounter order. Exceptions thrown by the action are relayed to the caller.
action
- The action
false
if no remaining elements existed upon entry to this method, else true
.
NullPointerException
- if the specified action is null
default void forEachRemaining(Consumer<? super T> action)
Performs the given action for each remaining element, sequentially in the current thread, until all elements have been processed or the action throws an exception. If this Spliterator is
ORDERED
, actions are performed in encounter order. Exceptions thrown by the action are relayed to the caller.
tryAdvance(java.util.function.Consumer<? super T>)
until it returns false
. It should be overridden whenever possible.
action
- The action
NullPointerException
- if the specified action is null
Spliterator<T> trySplit()
If this spliterator can be partitioned, returns a Spliterator covering elements, that will, upon return from this method, not be covered by this Spliterator.
If this Spliterator is ORDERED
, the returned Spliterator must cover a strict prefix of the elements.
Unless this Spliterator covers an infinite number of elements, repeated calls to trySplit()
must eventually return null
. Upon non-null return:
estimateSize()
before splitting, must, after splitting, be greater than or equal to estimateSize()
for this and the returned Spliterator; andSUBSIZED
, then estimateSize()
for this spliterator before splitting must be equal to the sum of estimateSize()
for this and the returned Spliterator after splitting.This method may return null
for any reason, including emptiness, inability to split after traversal has commenced, data structure constraints, and efficiency considerations.
trySplit
method efficiently (without traversal) divides its elements exactly in half, allowing balanced parallel computation. Many departures from this ideal remain highly effective; for example, only approximately splitting an approximately balanced tree, or for a tree in which leaf nodes may contain either one or two elements, failing to further split these nodes. However, large deviations in balance and/or overly inefficient trySplit
mechanics typically result in poor parallel performance.
Spliterator
covering some portion of the elements, or null
if this spliterator cannot be split
long estimateSize()
Returns an estimate of the number of elements that would be encountered by a
forEachRemaining(java.util.function.Consumer<? super T>)
traversal, or returns
Long.MAX_VALUE
if infinite, unknown, or too expensive to compute.
If this Spliterator is SIZED
and has not yet been partially traversed or split, or this Spliterator is SUBSIZED
and has not yet been partially traversed, this estimate must be an accurate count of elements that would be encountered by a complete traversal. Otherwise, this estimate may be arbitrarily inaccurate, but must decrease as specified across invocations of trySplit()
.
Long.MAX_VALUE
if infinite, unknown, or too expensive to compute.
default long getExactSizeIfKnown()
estimateSize()
if the Spliterator reports a characteristic of SIZED
, and -1
otherwise.
-1
.
int characteristics()
Returns a set of characteristics of this Spliterator and its elements. The result is represented as ORed values from
ORDERED
,
DISTINCT
,
SORTED
,
SIZED
,
NONNULL
,
IMMUTABLE
,
CONCURRENT
,
SUBSIZED
. Repeated calls to
characteristics()
on a given spliterator, prior to or in-between calls to
trySplit
, should always return the same result.
If a Spliterator reports an inconsistent set of characteristics (either those returned from a single invocation or across multiple invocations), no guarantees can be made about any computation using this Spliterator.
SIZED
, SUBSIZED
and CONCURRENT
.
default boolean hasCharacteristics(int characteristics)
Returns
true
if this Spliterator's
characteristics()
contain all of the given characteristics.
characteristics
- the characteristics to check for
true
if all the specified characteristics are present, else false
default Comparator<? super T> getComparator()
IllegalStateException
.
null
if the elements are sorted in the natural order.
IllegalStateException
- if the spliterator does not report a characteristic of SORTED
.
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