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Showing content from https://docs.oracle.com/en/java/javase/11/docs/api/java.base/java/lang/Long.html below:

Long (Java SE 11 & JDK 11 )

- Field Summary Fields Modifier and Type Field Description static int BYTES
  The number of bytes used to represent a long value in two's complement binary form.
  static long MAX_VALUE
  A constant holding the maximum value a long can have, 2⁶³-1.
  static long MIN_VALUE
  A constant holding the minimum value a long can have, -2⁶³.
  static int SIZE
  The number of bits used to represent a long value in two's complement binary form.
  static Class<Long> TYPE
  The Class instance representing the primitive type long.
- Constructor Summary Constructors Constructor Description Long(long value) Deprecated. Long(String s) Deprecated.
- Method Summary All Methods Static Methods Instance Methods Concrete Methods Modifier and Type Method Description static int bitCount(long i)
  Returns the number of one-bits in the two's complement binary representation of the specified long value.
  byte byteValue()
  Returns the value of this Long as a byte after a narrowing primitive conversion.
  static int compare(long x, long y)
  Compares two long values numerically.
  int compareTo(Long anotherLong)
  Compares two Long objects numerically.
  static int compareUnsigned(long x, long y)
  Compares two long values numerically treating the values as unsigned.
  static Long decode(String nm)
  Decodes a String into a Long.
  static long divideUnsigned(long dividend, long divisor)
  Returns the unsigned quotient of dividing the first argument by the second where each argument and the result is interpreted as an unsigned value.
  double doubleValue()
  Returns the value of this Long as a double after a widening primitive conversion.
  boolean equals(Object obj)
  Compares this object to the specified object.
  float floatValue()
  Returns the value of this Long as a float after a widening primitive conversion.
  static Long getLong(String nm)
  Determines the long value of the system property with the specified name.
  static Long getLong(String nm, long val)
  Determines the long value of the system property with the specified name.
  static Long getLong(String nm, Long val)
  Returns the long value of the system property with the specified name.
  int hashCode()
  Returns a hash code for this Long.
  static int hashCode(long value)
  Returns a hash code for a long value; compatible with Long.hashCode().
  static long highestOneBit(long i)
  Returns a long value with at most a single one-bit, in the position of the highest-order ("leftmost") one-bit in the specified long value.
  int intValue()
  Returns the value of this Long as an int after a narrowing primitive conversion.
  long longValue()
  Returns the value of this Long as a long value.
  static long lowestOneBit(long i)
  Returns a long value with at most a single one-bit, in the position of the lowest-order ("rightmost") one-bit in the specified long value.
  static long max(long a, long b)
  Returns the greater of two
  long
  values as if by calling
  Math.max
  .
  static long min(long a, long b)
  Returns the smaller of two
  long
  values as if by calling
  Math.min
  .
  static int numberOfLeadingZeros(long i)
  Returns the number of zero bits preceding the highest-order ("leftmost") one-bit in the two's complement binary representation of the specified long value.
  static int numberOfTrailingZeros(long i)
  Returns the number of zero bits following the lowest-order ("rightmost") one-bit in the two's complement binary representation of the specified long value.
  static long parseLong(CharSequence s, int beginIndex, int endIndex, int radix)
  Parses the
  CharSequence
  argument as a signed
  long
  in the specified
  radix
  , beginning at the specified
  beginIndex
  and extending to
  endIndex - 1
  .
  static long parseLong(String s)
  Parses the string argument as a signed decimal long.
  static long parseLong(String s, int radix)
  Parses the string argument as a signed long in the radix specified by the second argument.
  static long parseUnsignedLong(CharSequence s, int beginIndex, int endIndex, int radix)
  Parses the
  CharSequence
  argument as an unsigned
  long
  in the specified
  radix
  , beginning at the specified
  beginIndex
  and extending to
  endIndex - 1
  .
  static long parseUnsignedLong(String s)
  Parses the string argument as an unsigned decimal long.
  static long parseUnsignedLong(String s, int radix)
  Parses the string argument as an unsigned long in the radix specified by the second argument.
  static long remainderUnsigned(long dividend, long divisor)
  Returns the unsigned remainder from dividing the first argument by the second where each argument and the result is interpreted as an unsigned value.
  static long reverse(long i)
  Returns the value obtained by reversing the order of the bits in the two's complement binary representation of the specified long value.
  static long reverseBytes(long i)
  Returns the value obtained by reversing the order of the bytes in the two's complement representation of the specified long value.
  static long rotateLeft(long i, int distance)
  Returns the value obtained by rotating the two's complement binary representation of the specified long value left by the specified number of bits.
  static long rotateRight(long i, int distance)
  Returns the value obtained by rotating the two's complement binary representation of the specified long value right by the specified number of bits.
  short shortValue()
  Returns the value of this Long as a short after a narrowing primitive conversion.
  static int signum(long i)
  Returns the signum function of the specified long value.
  static long sum(long a, long b)
  Adds two long values together as per the + operator.
  static String toBinaryString(long i)
  Returns a string representation of the long argument as an unsigned integer in base 2.
  static String toHexString(long i)
  Returns a string representation of the long argument as an unsigned integer in base 16.
  static String toOctalString(long i)
  Returns a string representation of the long argument as an unsigned integer in base 8.
  String toString()
  Returns a String object representing this Long's value.
  static String toString(long i)
  Returns a String object representing the specified long.
  static String toString(long i, int radix)
  Returns a string representation of the first argument in the radix specified by the second argument.
  static String toUnsignedString(long i)
  Returns a string representation of the argument as an unsigned decimal value.
  static String toUnsignedString(long i, int radix)
  Returns a string representation of the first argument as an unsigned integer value in the radix specified by the second argument.
  static Long valueOf(long l)
  Returns a Long instance representing the specified long value.
  static Long valueOf(String s)
  Returns a Long object holding the value of the specified String.
  static Long valueOf(String s, int radix)
  Returns a Long object holding the value extracted from the specified String when parsed with the radix given by the second argument.
  - Methods declared in class java.lang.Objectclone, finalize, getClass, notify, notifyAll, wait, wait, wait

- Field Detail
  - MIN_VALUE
```
@Native
public static final long MIN_VALUE
```
    A constant holding the minimum value a long can have, -2⁶³.
    
    See Also:
    
    Constant Field Values
  - MAX_VALUE
```
@Native
public static final long MAX_VALUE
```
    A constant holding the maximum value a long can have, 2⁶³-1.
    
    See Also:
    
    Constant Field Values
  - TYPE
```
public static final Class<Long> TYPE
```
    The Class instance representing the primitive type long.
    
    Since:
    
    1.1
  - SIZE
```
@Native
public static final int SIZE
```
    The number of bits used to represent a long value in two's complement binary form.
    
    Since:
    
    1.5
    
    See Also:
    
    Constant Field Values
  - BYTES
```
public static final int BYTES
```
    The number of bytes used to represent a long value in two's complement binary form.
    
    Since:
    
    1.8
    
    See Also:
    
    Constant Field Values
- Constructor Detail
  - Long
```
@Deprecated(since="9")
public Long(long value)
```
    Constructs a newly allocated Long object that represents the specified long argument.
    
    Parameters:
    
    value - the value to be represented by the Long object.
  - Long
```
@Deprecated(since="9")
public Long(String s)
     throws NumberFormatException
```
    Constructs a newly allocated Long object that represents the long value indicated by the String parameter. The string is converted to a long value in exactly the manner used by the parseLong method for radix 10.
    
    Parameters:
    
    s - the String to be converted to a Long.
    
    Throws:
    
    NumberFormatException - if the String does not contain a parsable long.
- Method Detail
  - toString
```
public static String toString(long i,
                              int radix)
```
    Returns a string representation of the first argument in the radix specified by the second argument.
    
    If the radix is smaller than Character.MIN_RADIX or larger than Character.MAX_RADIX, then the radix 10 is used instead.
    
    If the first argument is negative, the first element of the result is the ASCII minus sign '-' ('\u002d'). If the first argument is not negative, no sign character appears in the result.
    
    The remaining characters of the result represent the magnitude of the first argument. If the magnitude is zero, it is represented by a single zero character '0' ('\u0030'); otherwise, the first character of the representation of the magnitude will not be the zero character. The following ASCII characters are used as digits:
    
    0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
    
    These are
    '\u0030'
    through
    '\u0039'
    and
    '\u0061'
    through
    '\u007a'
    . If
    radix
    is
    N
    , then the first
    N
    of these characters are used as radix-
    N
    digits in the order shown. Thus, the digits for hexadecimal (radix 16) are
    0123456789abcdef
    . If uppercase letters are desired, the
    String.toUpperCase()
    method may be called on the result:
    
    Long.toString(n, 16).toUpperCase()
    
    Parameters:
    
    i - a long to be converted to a string.
    
    radix - the radix to use in the string representation.
    
    Returns:
    
    a string representation of the argument in the specified radix.
    
    See Also:
    
    Character.MAX_RADIX, Character.MIN_RADIX
  - toUnsignedString
```
public static String toUnsignedString(long i,
                                      int radix)
```
    Returns a string representation of the first argument as an unsigned integer value in the radix specified by the second argument.
    
    If the radix is smaller than Character.MIN_RADIX or larger than Character.MAX_RADIX, then the radix 10 is used instead.
    
    Note that since the first argument is treated as an unsigned value, no leading sign character is printed.
    
    If the magnitude is zero, it is represented by a single zero character '0' ('\u0030'); otherwise, the first character of the representation of the magnitude will not be the zero character.
    
    The behavior of radixes and the characters used as digits are the same as toString.
    
    Parameters:
    
    i - an integer to be converted to an unsigned string.
    
    radix - the radix to use in the string representation.
    
    Returns:
    
    an unsigned string representation of the argument in the specified radix.
    
    Since:
    
    1.8
    
    See Also:
    
    toString(long, int)
  - toHexString
```
public static String toHexString(long i)
```
    Returns a string representation of the
    long
    argument as an unsigned integer in base 16.
    
    The unsigned long value is the argument plus 2⁶⁴ if the argument is negative; otherwise, it is equal to the argument. This value is converted to a string of ASCII digits in hexadecimal (base 16) with no extra leading 0s.
    
    The value of the argument can be recovered from the returned string s by calling Long.parseUnsignedLong(s, 16).
    
    If the unsigned magnitude is zero, it is represented by a single zero character '0' ('\u0030'); otherwise, the first character of the representation of the unsigned magnitude will not be the zero character. The following characters are used as hexadecimal digits:
    
    0123456789abcdef
    
    These are the characters
    '\u0030'
    through
    '\u0039'
    and
    '\u0061'
    through
    '\u0066'
    . If uppercase letters are desired, the
    String.toUpperCase()
    method may be called on the result:
    
    Long.toHexString(n).toUpperCase()
    
    Parameters:
    
    i - a long to be converted to a string.
    
    Returns:
    
    the string representation of the unsigned long value represented by the argument in hexadecimal (base 16).
    
    Since:
    
    1.0.2
    
    See Also:
    
    parseUnsignedLong(String, int), toUnsignedString(long, int)
  - toOctalString
```
public static String toOctalString(long i)
```
    Returns a string representation of the
    long
    argument as an unsigned integer in base 8.
    
    The unsigned long value is the argument plus 2⁶⁴ if the argument is negative; otherwise, it is equal to the argument. This value is converted to a string of ASCII digits in octal (base 8) with no extra leading 0s.
    
    The value of the argument can be recovered from the returned string s by calling Long.parseUnsignedLong(s, 8).
    
    If the unsigned magnitude is zero, it is represented by a single zero character '0' ('\u0030'); otherwise, the first character of the representation of the unsigned magnitude will not be the zero character. The following characters are used as octal digits:
    
    01234567
    
    These are the characters
    '\u0030'
    through
    '\u0037'
    .
    
    Parameters:
    
    i - a long to be converted to a string.
    
    Returns:
    
    the string representation of the unsigned long value represented by the argument in octal (base 8).
    
    Since:
    
    1.0.2
    
    See Also:
    
    parseUnsignedLong(String, int), toUnsignedString(long, int)
  - toBinaryString
```
public static String toBinaryString(long i)
```
    Returns a string representation of the
    long
    argument as an unsigned integer in base 2.
    
    The unsigned long value is the argument plus 2⁶⁴ if the argument is negative; otherwise, it is equal to the argument. This value is converted to a string of ASCII digits in binary (base 2) with no extra leading 0s.
    
    The value of the argument can be recovered from the returned string s by calling Long.parseUnsignedLong(s, 2).
    
    If the unsigned magnitude is zero, it is represented by a single zero character '0' ('\u0030'); otherwise, the first character of the representation of the unsigned magnitude will not be the zero character. The characters '0' ('\u0030') and '1' ('\u0031') are used as binary digits.
    
    Parameters:
    
    i - a long to be converted to a string.
    
    Returns:
    
    the string representation of the unsigned long value represented by the argument in binary (base 2).
    
    Since:
    
    1.0.2
    
    See Also:
    
    parseUnsignedLong(String, int), toUnsignedString(long, int)
  - toString
```
public static String toString(long i)
```
    Returns a
    String
    object representing the specified
    long
    . The argument is converted to signed decimal representation and returned as a string, exactly as if the argument and the radix 10 were given as arguments to the
    toString(long, int)
    method.
    
    Parameters:
    
    i - a long to be converted.
    
    Returns:
    
    a string representation of the argument in base 10.
  - toUnsignedString
```
public static String toUnsignedString(long i)
```
    Returns a string representation of the argument as an unsigned decimal value. The argument is converted to unsigned decimal representation and returned as a string exactly as if the argument and radix 10 were given as arguments to the
    toUnsignedString(long, int)
    method.
    
    Parameters:
    
    i - an integer to be converted to an unsigned string.
    
    Returns:
    
    an unsigned string representation of the argument.
    
    Since:
    
    1.8
    
    See Also:
    
    toUnsignedString(long, int)
  - parseLong
```
public static long parseLong(String s,
                             int radix)
                      throws NumberFormatException
```
    Parses the string argument as a signed
    long
    in the radix specified by the second argument. The characters in the string must all be digits of the specified radix (as determined by whether
    Character.digit(char, int)
    returns a nonnegative value), except that the first character may be an ASCII minus sign
    '-'
    (
    '\u002D'
    ) to indicate a negative value or an ASCII plus sign
    '+'
    (
    '\u002B'
    ) to indicate a positive value. The resulting
    long
    value is returned.
    
    Note that neither the character L ('\u004C') nor l ('\u006C') is permitted to appear at the end of the string as a type indicator, as would be permitted in Java programming language source code - except that either L or l may appear as a digit for a radix greater than or equal to 22.
    
    An exception of type NumberFormatException is thrown if any of the following situations occurs:
    - The first argument is null or is a string of length zero.
    - The radix is either smaller than Character.MIN_RADIX or larger than Character.MAX_RADIX.
    - Any character of the string is not a digit of the specified radix, except that the first character may be a minus sign '-' ('\u002d') or plus sign '+' ('\u002B') provided that the string is longer than length 1.
    - The value represented by the string is not a value of type long.
    Examples:
```
 parseLong("0", 10) returns 0L
 parseLong("473", 10) returns 473L
 parseLong("+42", 10) returns 42L
 parseLong("-0", 10) returns 0L
 parseLong("-FF", 16) returns -255L
 parseLong("1100110", 2) returns 102L
 parseLong("99", 8) throws a NumberFormatException
 parseLong("Hazelnut", 10) throws a NumberFormatException
 parseLong("Hazelnut", 36) returns 1356099454469L
 
```
    Parameters:
    
    s - the String containing the long representation to be parsed.
    
    radix - the radix to be used while parsing s.
    
    Returns:
    
    the long represented by the string argument in the specified radix.
    
    Throws:
    
    NumberFormatException - if the string does not contain a parsable long.
  - parseLong
```
public static long parseLong(CharSequence s,
                             int beginIndex,
                             int endIndex,
                             int radix)
                      throws NumberFormatException
```
    Parses the
    CharSequence
    argument as a signed
    long
    in the specified
    radix
    , beginning at the specified
    beginIndex
    and extending to
    endIndex - 1
    .
    
    The method does not take steps to guard against the CharSequence being mutated while parsing.
    
    Parameters:
    
    s - the CharSequence containing the long representation to be parsed
    
    beginIndex - the beginning index, inclusive.
    
    endIndex - the ending index, exclusive.
    
    radix - the radix to be used while parsing s.
    
    Returns:
    
    the signed long represented by the subsequence in the specified radix.
    
    Throws:
    
    NullPointerException - if s is null.
    
    IndexOutOfBoundsException - if beginIndex is negative, or if beginIndex is greater than endIndex or if endIndex is greater than s.length().
    
    NumberFormatException - if the CharSequence does not contain a parsable int in the specified radix, or if radix is either smaller than Character.MIN_RADIX or larger than Character.MAX_RADIX.
    
    Since:
    
    9
  - parseLong
```
public static long parseLong(String s)
                      throws NumberFormatException
```
    Parses the string argument as a signed decimal
    long
    . The characters in the string must all be decimal digits, except that the first character may be an ASCII minus sign
    '-'
    (
    \u002D'
    ) to indicate a negative value or an ASCII plus sign
    '+'
    (
    '\u002B'
    ) to indicate a positive value. The resulting
    long
    value is returned, exactly as if the argument and the radix
    10
    were given as arguments to the
    parseLong(java.lang.String, int)
    method.
    
    Note that neither the character L ('\u004C') nor l ('\u006C') is permitted to appear at the end of the string as a type indicator, as would be permitted in Java programming language source code.
    
    Parameters:
    
    s - a String containing the long representation to be parsed
    
    Returns:
    
    the long represented by the argument in decimal.
    
    Throws:
    
    NumberFormatException - if the string does not contain a parsable long.
  - parseUnsignedLong
```
public static long parseUnsignedLong(String s,
                                     int radix)
                              throws NumberFormatException
```
    Parses the string argument as an unsigned
    long
    in the radix specified by the second argument. An unsigned integer maps the values usually associated with negative numbers to positive numbers larger than
    MAX_VALUE
    . The characters in the string must all be digits of the specified radix (as determined by whether
    Character.digit(char, int)
    returns a nonnegative value), except that the first character may be an ASCII plus sign
    '+'
    (
    '\u002B'
    ). The resulting integer value is returned.
    
    An exception of type NumberFormatException is thrown if any of the following situations occurs:
    - The first argument is null or is a string of length zero.
    - The radix is either smaller than Character.MIN_RADIX or larger than Character.MAX_RADIX.
    - Any character of the string is not a digit of the specified radix, except that the first character may be a plus sign '+' ('\u002B') provided that the string is longer than length 1.
    - The value represented by the string is larger than the largest unsigned long, 2⁶⁴-1.
    Parameters:
    
    s - the String containing the unsigned integer representation to be parsed
    
    radix - the radix to be used while parsing s.
    
    Returns:
    
    the unsigned long represented by the string argument in the specified radix.
    
    Throws:
    
    NumberFormatException - if the String does not contain a parsable long.
    
    Since:
    
    1.8
  - parseUnsignedLong
```
public static long parseUnsignedLong(CharSequence s,
                                     int beginIndex,
                                     int endIndex,
                                     int radix)
                              throws NumberFormatException
```
    Parses the
    CharSequence
    argument as an unsigned
    long
    in the specified
    radix
    , beginning at the specified
    beginIndex
    and extending to
    endIndex - 1
    .
    
    The method does not take steps to guard against the CharSequence being mutated while parsing.
    
    Parameters:
    
    s - the CharSequence containing the unsigned long representation to be parsed
    
    beginIndex - the beginning index, inclusive.
    
    endIndex - the ending index, exclusive.
    
    radix - the radix to be used while parsing s.
    
    Returns:
    
    the unsigned long represented by the subsequence in the specified radix.
    
    Throws:
    
    NullPointerException - if s is null.
    
    IndexOutOfBoundsException - if beginIndex is negative, or if beginIndex is greater than endIndex or if endIndex is greater than s.length().
    
    NumberFormatException - if the CharSequence does not contain a parsable unsigned long in the specified radix, or if radix is either smaller than Character.MIN_RADIX or larger than Character.MAX_RADIX.
    
    Since:
    
    9
  - parseUnsignedLong
```
public static long parseUnsignedLong(String s)
                              throws NumberFormatException
```
    Parses the string argument as an unsigned decimal
    long
    . The characters in the string must all be decimal digits, except that the first character may be an ASCII plus sign
    '+'
    (
    '\u002B'
    ). The resulting integer value is returned, exactly as if the argument and the radix 10 were given as arguments to the
    parseUnsignedLong(java.lang.String, int)
    method.
    
    Parameters:
    
    s - a String containing the unsigned long representation to be parsed
    
    Returns:
    
    the unsigned long value represented by the decimal string argument
    
    Throws:
    
    NumberFormatException - if the string does not contain a parsable unsigned integer.
    
    Since:
    
    1.8
  - valueOf
```
public static Long valueOf(String s,
                           int radix)
                    throws NumberFormatException
```
    Returns a
    Long
    object holding the value extracted from the specified
    String
    when parsed with the radix given by the second argument. The first argument is interpreted as representing a signed
    long
    in the radix specified by the second argument, exactly as if the arguments were given to the
    parseLong(java.lang.String, int)
    method. The result is a
    Long
    object that represents the
    long
    value specified by the string.
    
    In other words, this method returns a Long object equal to the value of:
    
    new Long(Long.parseLong(s, radix))
    
    Parameters:
    
    s - the string to be parsed
    
    radix - the radix to be used in interpreting s
    
    Returns:
    
    a Long object holding the value represented by the string argument in the specified radix.
    
    Throws:
    
    NumberFormatException - If the String does not contain a parsable long.
  - valueOf
```
public static Long valueOf(String s)
                    throws NumberFormatException
```
    Returns a
    Long
    object holding the value of the specified
    String
    . The argument is interpreted as representing a signed decimal
    long
    , exactly as if the argument were given to the
    parseLong(java.lang.String)
    method. The result is a
    Long
    object that represents the integer value specified by the string.
    
    In other words, this method returns a Long object equal to the value of:
    
    new Long(Long.parseLong(s))
    
    Parameters:
    
    s - the string to be parsed.
    
    Returns:
    
    a Long object holding the value represented by the string argument.
    
    Throws:
    
    NumberFormatException - If the string cannot be parsed as a long.
  - valueOf
```
public static Long valueOf(long l)
```
    Returns a
    Long
    instance representing the specified
    long
    value. If a new
    Long
    instance is not required, this method should generally be used in preference to the constructor
    Long(long)
    , as this method is likely to yield significantly better space and time performance by caching frequently requested values. This method will always cache values in the range -128 to 127, inclusive, and may cache other values outside of this range.
    
    Parameters:
    
    l - a long value.
    
    Returns:
    
    a Long instance representing l.
    
    Since:
    
    1.5
  - decode
```
public static Long decode(String nm)
                   throws NumberFormatException
```
    Decodes a
    String
    into a
    Long
    . Accepts decimal, hexadecimal, and octal numbers given by the following grammar:
    
    DecodableString:
    
    Sign_opt DecimalNumeral
    
    Sign_opt 0x HexDigits
    
    Sign_opt 0X HexDigits
    
    Sign_opt # HexDigits
    
    Sign_opt 0 OctalDigits
    
    Sign:
    
    -
    
    +
    
    DecimalNumeral
    ,
    HexDigits
    , and
    OctalDigits
    are as defined in section 3.10.1 of
    The Java™ Language Specification
    , except that underscores are not accepted between digits.
    
    The sequence of characters following an optional sign and/or radix specifier ("0x", "0X", "#", or leading zero) is parsed as by the Long.parseLong method with the indicated radix (10, 16, or 8). This sequence of characters must represent a positive value or a NumberFormatException will be thrown. The result is negated if first character of the specified String is the minus sign. No whitespace characters are permitted in the String.
    
    Parameters:
    
    nm - the String to decode.
    
    Returns:
    
    a Long object holding the long value represented by nm
    
    Throws:
    
    NumberFormatException - if the String does not contain a parsable long.
    
    Since:
    
    1.2
    
    See Also:
    
    parseLong(String, int)
  - byteValue
```
public byte byteValue()
```
    Returns the value of this Long as a byte after a narrowing primitive conversion.
    
    Overrides:
    
    byteValue in class Number
    
    Returns:
    
    the numeric value represented by this object after conversion to type byte.
    
    See The Java™ Language Specification:
    
    5.1.3 Narrowing Primitive Conversions
  - shortValue
```
public short shortValue()
```
    Returns the value of this Long as a short after a narrowing primitive conversion.
    
    Overrides:
    
    shortValue in class Number
    
    Returns:
    
    the numeric value represented by this object after conversion to type short.
    
    See The Java™ Language Specification:
    
    5.1.3 Narrowing Primitive Conversions
  - intValue
```
public int intValue()
```
    Returns the value of this Long as an int after a narrowing primitive conversion.
    
    Specified by:
    
    intValue in class Number
    
    Returns:
    
    the numeric value represented by this object after conversion to type int.
    
    See The Java™ Language Specification:
    
    5.1.3 Narrowing Primitive Conversions
  - longValue
```
public long longValue()
```
    Returns the value of this Long as a long value.
    
    Specified by:
    
    longValue in class Number
    
    Returns:
    
    the numeric value represented by this object after conversion to type long.
  - floatValue
```
public float floatValue()
```
    Returns the value of this Long as a float after a widening primitive conversion.
    
    Specified by:
    
    floatValue in class Number
    
    Returns:
    
    the numeric value represented by this object after conversion to type float.
    
    See The Java™ Language Specification:
    
    5.1.2 Widening Primitive Conversions
  - doubleValue
```
public double doubleValue()
```
    Returns the value of this Long as a double after a widening primitive conversion.
    
    Specified by:
    
    doubleValue in class Number
    
    Returns:
    
    the numeric value represented by this object after conversion to type double.
    
    See The Java™ Language Specification:
    
    5.1.2 Widening Primitive Conversions
  - toString
```
public String toString()
```
    Returns a
    String
    object representing this
    Long
    's value. The value is converted to signed decimal representation and returned as a string, exactly as if the
    long
    value were given as an argument to the
    toString(long)
    method.
    
    Overrides:
    
    toString in class Object
    
    Returns:
    
    a string representation of the value of this object in base 10.
  - hashCode
```
public int hashCode()
```
    Returns a hash code for this
    Long
    . The result is the exclusive OR of the two halves of the primitive
    long
    value held by this
    Long
    object. That is, the hashcode is the value of the expression:
    
    (int)(this.longValue()^(this.longValue()>>>32))
    
    Overrides:
    
    hashCode in class Object
    
    Returns:
    
    a hash code value for this object.
    
    See Also:
    
    Object.equals(java.lang.Object), System.identityHashCode(java.lang.Object)
  - hashCode
```
public static int hashCode(long value)
```
    Returns a hash code for a long value; compatible with Long.hashCode().
    
    Parameters:
    
    value - the value to hash
    
    Returns:
    
    a hash code value for a long value.
    
    Since:
    
    1.8
  - equals
```
public boolean equals(Object obj)
```
    Compares this object to the specified object. The result is true if and only if the argument is not null and is a Long object that contains the same long value as this object.
    
    Overrides:
    
    equals in class Object
    
    Parameters:
    
    obj - the object to compare with.
    
    Returns:
    
    true if the objects are the same; false otherwise.
    
    See Also:
    
    Object.hashCode(), HashMap
  - getLong
```
public static Long getLong(String nm)
```
    Determines the
    long
    value of the system property with the specified name.
    
    The first argument is treated as the name of a system property. System properties are accessible through the System.getProperty(java.lang.String) method. The string value of this property is then interpreted as a long value using the grammar supported by decode and a Long object representing this value is returned.
    
    If there is no property with the specified name, if the specified name is empty or null, or if the property does not have the correct numeric format, then null is returned.
    
    In other words, this method returns a Long object equal to the value of:
    
    getLong(nm, null)
    
    Parameters:
    
    nm - property name.
    
    Returns:
    
    the Long value of the property.
    
    Throws:
    
    SecurityException - for the same reasons as System.getProperty
    
    See Also:
    
    System.getProperty(java.lang.String), System.getProperty(java.lang.String, java.lang.String)
  - getLong
```
public static Long getLong(String nm,
                           long val)
```
    Determines the
    long
    value of the system property with the specified name.
    
    The first argument is treated as the name of a system property. System properties are accessible through the System.getProperty(java.lang.String) method. The string value of this property is then interpreted as a long value using the grammar supported by decode and a Long object representing this value is returned.
    
    The second argument is the default value. A Long object that represents the value of the second argument is returned if there is no property of the specified name, if the property does not have the correct numeric format, or if the specified name is empty or null.
    
    In other words, this method returns a Long object equal to the value of:
    
    getLong(nm, new Long(val))
    
    but in practice it may be implemented in a manner such as:
```
 Long result = getLong(nm, null);
 return (result == null) ? new Long(val) : result;
 
```
    to avoid the unnecessary allocation of a
    Long
    object when the default value is not needed.
    
    Parameters:
    
    nm - property name.
    
    val - default value.
    
    Returns:
    
    the Long value of the property.
    
    Throws:
    
    SecurityException - for the same reasons as System.getProperty
    
    See Also:
    
    System.getProperty(java.lang.String), System.getProperty(java.lang.String, java.lang.String)
  - getLong
```
public static Long getLong(String nm,
                           Long val)
```
    Returns the
    long
    value of the system property with the specified name. The first argument is treated as the name of a system property. System properties are accessible through the
    System.getProperty(java.lang.String)
    method. The string value of this property is then interpreted as a
    long
    value, as per the
    decode
    method, and a
    Long
    object representing this value is returned; in summary:
    - If the property value begins with the two ASCII characters 0x or the ASCII character #, not followed by a minus sign, then the rest of it is parsed as a hexadecimal integer exactly as for the method valueOf(java.lang.String, int) with radix 16.
    - If the property value begins with the ASCII character 0 followed by another character, it is parsed as an octal integer exactly as by the method valueOf(java.lang.String, int) with radix 8.
    - Otherwise the property value is parsed as a decimal integer exactly as by the method valueOf(java.lang.String, int) with radix 10.
    Note that, in every case, neither L ('\u004C') nor l ('\u006C') is permitted to appear at the end of the property value as a type indicator, as would be permitted in Java programming language source code.
    
    The second argument is the default value. The default value is returned if there is no property of the specified name, if the property does not have the correct numeric format, or if the specified name is empty or null.
    
    Parameters:
    
    nm - property name.
    
    val - default value.
    
    Returns:
    
    the Long value of the property.
    
    Throws:
    
    SecurityException - for the same reasons as System.getProperty
    
    See Also:
    
    System.getProperty(java.lang.String), System.getProperty(java.lang.String, java.lang.String)
  - compareTo
```
public int compareTo(Long anotherLong)
```
    Compares two Long objects numerically.
    
    Specified by:
    
    compareTo in interface Comparable<Long>
    
    Parameters:
    
    anotherLong - the Long to be compared.
    
    Returns:
    
    the value 0 if this Long is equal to the argument Long; a value less than 0 if this Long is numerically less than the argument Long; and a value greater than 0 if this Long is numerically greater than the argument Long (signed comparison).
    
    Since:
    
    1.2
  - compare
```
public static int compare(long x,
                          long y)
```
    Compares two
    long
    values numerically. The value returned is identical to what would be returned by:
```
    Long.valueOf(x).compareTo(Long.valueOf(y))
 
```
    Parameters:
    
    x - the first long to compare
    
    y - the second long to compare
    
    Returns:
    
    the value 0 if x == y; a value less than 0 if x < y; and a value greater than 0 if x > y
    
    Since:
    
    1.7
  - compareUnsigned
```
public static int compareUnsigned(long x,
                                  long y)
```
    Compares two long values numerically treating the values as unsigned.
    
    Parameters:
    
    x - the first long to compare
    
    y - the second long to compare
    
    Returns:
    
    the value 0 if x == y; a value less than 0 if x < y as unsigned values; and a value greater than 0 if x > y as unsigned values
    
    Since:
    
    1.8
  - divideUnsigned
```
public static long divideUnsigned(long dividend,
                                  long divisor)
```
    Note that in two's complement arithmetic, the three other basic arithmetic operations of add, subtract, and multiply are bit-wise identical if the two operands are regarded as both being signed or both being unsigned. Therefore separate addUnsigned, etc. methods are not provided.
    
    Parameters:
    
    dividend - the value to be divided
    
    divisor - the value doing the dividing
    
    Returns:
    
    the unsigned quotient of the first argument divided by the second argument
    
    Since:
    
    1.8
    
    See Also:
    
    remainderUnsigned(long, long)
  - remainderUnsigned
```
public static long remainderUnsigned(long dividend,
                                     long divisor)
```
    Returns the unsigned remainder from dividing the first argument by the second where each argument and the result is interpreted as an unsigned value.
    
    Parameters:
    
    dividend - the value to be divided
    
    divisor - the value doing the dividing
    
    Returns:
    
    the unsigned remainder of the first argument divided by the second argument
    
    Since:
    
    1.8
    
    See Also:
    
    divideUnsigned(long, long)
  - highestOneBit
```
public static long highestOneBit(long i)
```
    Returns a long value with at most a single one-bit, in the position of the highest-order ("leftmost") one-bit in the specified long value. Returns zero if the specified value has no one-bits in its two's complement binary representation, that is, if it is equal to zero.
    
    Parameters:
    
    i - the value whose highest one bit is to be computed
    
    Returns:
    
    a long value with a single one-bit, in the position of the highest-order one-bit in the specified value, or zero if the specified value is itself equal to zero.
    
    Since:
    
    1.5
  - lowestOneBit
```
public static long lowestOneBit(long i)
```
    Returns a long value with at most a single one-bit, in the position of the lowest-order ("rightmost") one-bit in the specified long value. Returns zero if the specified value has no one-bits in its two's complement binary representation, that is, if it is equal to zero.
    
    Parameters:
    
    i - the value whose lowest one bit is to be computed
    
    Returns:
    
    a long value with a single one-bit, in the position of the lowest-order one-bit in the specified value, or zero if the specified value is itself equal to zero.
    
    Since:
    
    1.5
  - numberOfLeadingZeros
```
public static int numberOfLeadingZeros(long i)
```
    Returns the number of zero bits preceding the highest-order ("leftmost") one-bit in the two's complement binary representation of the specified
    long
    value. Returns 64 if the specified value has no one-bits in its two's complement representation, in other words if it is equal to zero.
    
    Note that this method is closely related to the logarithm base 2. For all positive long values x:
    - floor(log₂(x)) = 63 - numberOfLeadingZeros(x)
    - ceil(log₂(x)) = 64 - numberOfLeadingZeros(x - 1)
    Parameters:
    
    i - the value whose number of leading zeros is to be computed
    
    Returns:
    
    the number of zero bits preceding the highest-order ("leftmost") one-bit in the two's complement binary representation of the specified long value, or 64 if the value is equal to zero.
    
    Since:
    
    1.5
  - numberOfTrailingZeros
```
public static int numberOfTrailingZeros(long i)
```
    Returns the number of zero bits following the lowest-order ("rightmost") one-bit in the two's complement binary representation of the specified long value. Returns 64 if the specified value has no one-bits in its two's complement representation, in other words if it is equal to zero.
    
    Parameters:
    
    i - the value whose number of trailing zeros is to be computed
    
    Returns:
    
    the number of zero bits following the lowest-order ("rightmost") one-bit in the two's complement binary representation of the specified long value, or 64 if the value is equal to zero.
    
    Since:
    
    1.5
  - bitCount
```
public static int bitCount(long i)
```
    Returns the number of one-bits in the two's complement binary representation of the specified long value. This function is sometimes referred to as the population count.
    
    Parameters:
    
    i - the value whose bits are to be counted
    
    Returns:
    
    the number of one-bits in the two's complement binary representation of the specified long value.
    
    Since:
    
    1.5
  - rotateLeft
```
public static long rotateLeft(long i,
                              int distance)
```
    Returns the value obtained by rotating the two's complement binary representation of the specified
    long
    value left by the specified number of bits. (Bits shifted out of the left hand, or high-order, side reenter on the right, or low-order.)
    
    Note that left rotation with a negative distance is equivalent to right rotation: rotateLeft(val, -distance) == rotateRight(val, distance). Note also that rotation by any multiple of 64 is a no-op, so all but the last six bits of the rotation distance can be ignored, even if the distance is negative: rotateLeft(val, distance) == rotateLeft(val, distance & 0x3F).
    
    Parameters:
    
    i - the value whose bits are to be rotated left
    
    distance - the number of bit positions to rotate left
    
    Returns:
    
    the value obtained by rotating the two's complement binary representation of the specified long value left by the specified number of bits.
    
    Since:
    
    1.5
  - rotateRight
```
public static long rotateRight(long i,
                               int distance)
```
    Returns the value obtained by rotating the two's complement binary representation of the specified
    long
    value right by the specified number of bits. (Bits shifted out of the right hand, or low-order, side reenter on the left, or high-order.)
    
    Note that right rotation with a negative distance is equivalent to left rotation: rotateRight(val, -distance) == rotateLeft(val, distance). Note also that rotation by any multiple of 64 is a no-op, so all but the last six bits of the rotation distance can be ignored, even if the distance is negative: rotateRight(val, distance) == rotateRight(val, distance & 0x3F).
    
    Parameters:
    
    i - the value whose bits are to be rotated right
    
    distance - the number of bit positions to rotate right
    
    Returns:
    
    the value obtained by rotating the two's complement binary representation of the specified long value right by the specified number of bits.
    
    Since:
    
    1.5
  - reverse
```
public static long reverse(long i)
```
    Returns the value obtained by reversing the order of the bits in the two's complement binary representation of the specified long value.
    
    Parameters:
    
    i - the value to be reversed
    
    Returns:
    
    the value obtained by reversing order of the bits in the specified long value.
    
    Since:
    
    1.5
  - signum
```
public static int signum(long i)
```
    Returns the signum function of the specified long value. (The return value is -1 if the specified value is negative; 0 if the specified value is zero; and 1 if the specified value is positive.)
    
    Parameters:
    
    i - the value whose signum is to be computed
    
    Returns:
    
    the signum function of the specified long value.
    
    Since:
    
    1.5
  - reverseBytes
```
public static long reverseBytes(long i)
```
    Returns the value obtained by reversing the order of the bytes in the two's complement representation of the specified long value.
    
    Parameters:
    
    i - the value whose bytes are to be reversed
    
    Returns:
    
    the value obtained by reversing the bytes in the specified long value.
    
    Since:
    
    1.5
  - sum
```
public static long sum(long a,
                       long b)
```
    Adds two long values together as per the + operator.
    
    Parameters:
    
    a - the first operand
    
    b - the second operand
    
    Returns:
    
    the sum of a and b
    
    Since:
    
    1.8
    
    See Also:
    
    BinaryOperator
  - max
```
public static long max(long a,
                       long b)
```
    Returns the greater of two
    long
    values as if by calling
    Math.max
    .
    
    Parameters:
    
    a - the first operand
    
    b - the second operand
    
    Returns:
    
    the greater of a and b
    
    Since:
    
    1.8
    
    See Also:
    
    BinaryOperator
  - min
```
public static long min(long a,
                       long b)
```
    Returns the smaller of two
    long
    values as if by calling
    Math.min
    .
    
    Parameters:
    
    a - the first operand
    
    b - the second operand
    
    Returns:
    
    the smaller of a and b
    
    Since:
    
    1.8
    
    See Also:
    
    BinaryOperator

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