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Showing content from https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/12.2/sqlrf/CREATE-TABLESPACE.html below:

CREATE TABLESPACE

Purpose

Use the CREATE TABLESPACE statement to create a tablespace, which is an allocation of space in the database that can contain schema objects.

When you create a tablespace, it is initially a read/write tablespace. You can subsequently use the ALTER TABLESPACE statement to take the tablespace offline or online, add data files or temp files to it, or make it a read-only tablespace.

You can also drop a tablespace from the database with the DROP TABLESPACE statement.

Prerequisites

You must have the CREATE TABLESPACE system privilege. To create the SYSAUX tablespace, you must have the SYSDBA system privilege.

Before you can create a tablespace, you must create a database to contain it, and the database must be open.

To use objects in a tablespace other than the SYSTEM tablespace:

Syntax

tablespace_encryption_spec::=

default_table_compression::=

default_index_compression::=

segment_management_clause::=

tablespace_retention_clause::=

tablespace_group_clause::=

Semantics

BIGFILE | SMALLFILE

Use this clause to determine whether the tablespace is a bigfile or smallfile tablespace. This clause overrides any default tablespace type setting for the database.

If you omit this clause, then Oracle Database uses the current default tablespace type of permanent or temporary tablespace that is set for the database. If you specify BIGFILE for a permanent tablespace, then the database by default creates a locally managed tablespace with automatic segment-space management.

Restriction on Bigfile Tablespaces

You can specify only one data file in the DATAFILE clause or one temp file in the TEMPFILE clause.

permanent_tablespace_clause

Use the following clauses to create a permanent tablespace. (Some of these clauses are also used to create a temporary or undo tablespace.)

tablespace

Specify the name of the tablespace to be created. The name must satisfy the requirements listed in "Database Object Naming Rules".

Note on the SYSAUX Tablespace

SYSAUX is a required auxiliary system tablespace. You must use the CREATE TABLESPACE statement to create the SYSAUX tablespace if you are upgrading from a release earlier than Oracle Database 11g. You must have the SYSDBA system privilege to specify this clause, and you must have opened the database in UPGRADE mode.

You must specify EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL and SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT AUTO for the SYSAUX tablespace. The DATAFILE clause is optional only if you have enabled Oracle Managed Files. See "DATAFILE | TEMPFILE Clause" for the behavior of the DATAFILE clause.

Take care to allocate sufficient space for the SYSAUX tablespace. For guidelines on creating this tablespace, refer to Oracle Database Upgrade Guide.

Restrictions on the SYSAUX Tablespace

You cannot specify OFFLINE or TEMPORARY for the SYSAUX tablespace.

DATAFILE | TEMPFILE Clause

Specify the data files to make up the permanent tablespace or the temp files to make up the temporary tablespace. Use the datafile_tempfile_spec form of file_specification to create regular data files and temp files in an operating system file system or to create Oracle Automatic Storage Management (Oracle ASM) disk group files.

You must specify the DATAFILE or TEMPFILE clause unless you have enabled Oracle Managed Files by setting a value for the DB_CREATE_FILE_DEST initialization parameter. For Oracle ASM disk group files, the parameter must be set to a multiple file creation form of Oracle ASM filenames. If this parameter is set, then the database creates a system-named 100 MB file in the default file destination specified in the parameter. The file has AUTOEXTEND enabled and an unlimited maximum size.

Note:

Media recovery does not recognize temp files.

Notes on Specifying Data Files and Temp Files

Note:

On some operating systems, Oracle does not allocate space for a temp file until the temp file blocks are actually accessed. This delay in space allocation results in faster creation and resizing of temp files, but it requires that sufficient disk space is available when the temp files are later used. To avoid potential problems, before you create or resize a temp file, ensure that the available disk space exceeds the size of the new temp file or the increased size of a resized temp file. The excess space should allow for anticipated increases in disk space use by unrelated operations as well. Then proceed with the creation or resizing operation.

permanent_tablespace_attrs

Use the permanent_tablespace_attrs clauses to set the attributes of the tablespace.

MINIMUM EXTENT Clause

This clause is valid only for a dictionary-managed tablespace. Specify the minimum size of an extent in the tablespace. This clause lets you control free space fragmentation in the tablespace by ensuring that the size of every used or free extent in a tablespace is at least as large as, and is a multiple of, the value specified in the size_clause.

BLOCKSIZE Clause

Use the BLOCKSIZE clause to specify a nonstandard block size for the tablespace. In order to specify this clause, the DB_CACHE_SIZE and at least one DB_nK_CACHE_SIZE parameter must be set, and the integer you specify in this clause must correspond with the setting of one DB_nK_CACHE_SIZE parameter setting.

Restriction on BLOCKSIZE

You cannot specify nonstandard block sizes for a temporary tablespace or if you intend to assign this tablespace as the temporary tablespace for any users.

Note:

Oracle recommend that you do not store tablespaces with a 2K block size on 4K sector size disks, because performance degradation can result.

logging_clause

Specify the default logging attributes of all tables, indexes, materialized views, materialized view logs, and partitions within the tablespace. This clause is not valid for a temporary or undo tablespace.

If you omit this clause, then the default is LOGGING. The exception is creating a tablespace in a PDB. In this case, if you omit this clause, then the tablespace uses the logging attribute of the PDB. Refer to the logging_clause of CREATE PLUGGABLE DATABASE for more information.

The tablespace-level logging attribute can be overridden by logging specifications at the table, index, materialized view, materialized view log, and partition levels.

FORCE LOGGING

Use this clause to put the tablespace into FORCE LOGGING mode. Oracle Database will log all changes to all objects in the tablespace except changes to temporary segments, overriding any NOLOGGING setting for individual objects. The database must be open and in READ WRITE mode.

This setting does not exclude the NOLOGGING attribute. You can specify both FORCE LOGGING and NOLOGGING. In this case, NOLOGGING is the default logging mode for objects subsequently created in the tablespace, but the database ignores this default as long as the tablespace or the database is in FORCE LOGGING mode. If you subsequently take the tablespace out of FORCE LOGGING mode, then the NOLOGGING default is once again enforced.

Restriction on Forced Logging

You cannot specify FORCE LOGGING for an undo or temporary tablespace.

tablespace_encryption_clause

Use this clause to specify whether to create an encrypted or unencrypted tablespace. If you create an encrypted tablespace, then Transparent Data Encryption (TDE) is applied to all data files of the tablespace.

ENCRYPT | DECRYPT

Specify ENCRYPT to create an encrypted tablespace. Specify DECRYPT to create an unencrypted tablespace.

If you omit this clause, then the value of the ENCRYPT_NEW_TABLESPACES initialization parameter determines whether the tablespace is encrypted upon creation. Refer to Oracle Database Reference for more information on the ENCRYPT_NEW_TABLESPACES initialization parameter.

Before issuing this clause, you must already have loaded the TDE master key into database memory or established a connection to the HSM. For more information, see the open_keystore clause of ADMINISTER KEY MANAGEMENT or "SET ENCRYPTION WALLET Clause" of ALTER SYSTEM.

tablespace_encryption_spec

Specify USING 'encrypt_algorithm' to indicate the name of the encryption algorithm to be used. Valid algorithms are AES256, AES192, AES128 and 3DES168. If the COMPATIBLE initialization parameter is set to 12.2 or higher, then the following algorithms are also valid: ARIA128, ARIA192, ARIA256, GOST256, and SEED128.. If you omit this clause, then the database uses AES128.

default_tablespace_params

The DEFAULT clause lets you specify default parameters for the tablespace.

default_table_compression

Use this clause to specify default compression of data for all tables created in the tablespace. This clause is not valid for a temporary tablespace. The subclauses of this clause have the same semantics as they have for the table_compression clause of the CREATE TABLE statement, with one exception: The COMPRESS FOR OLTP clause here is equivalent to the ROW STORE COMPRESS ADVANCED clause of CREATE TABLE. Refer to the table_compression clauses of CREATE TABLE for the full semantics of these subclauses.

default_index_compression

Use this clause to specify default compression of data for all indexes created in the tablespace. This clause is not valid for a temporary tablespace. The subclauses of this clause have the same semantics as they have for the advanced_index_compression clause of the CREATE INDEX statement. Refer to the advanced_index_compression clause of CREATE INDEX for the full semantics of these subclauses.

inmemory_clause

Use the inmemory_clause to specify the default In-Memory Column Store (IM column store) settings for all tables and materialized views created in the tablespace. This clause is not valid for a temporary tablespace.

ilm_clause

Use the ilm_clause to specify default Automatic Data Optimization settings for all tables created in the tablespace. This clause is not valid for a temporary tablespace. Refer to the ilm_clause of CREATE TABLE for the full semantics of this clause.

storage_clause

Use the storage_clause to specify storage parameters for all objects created in the tablespace. This clause is not valid for a temporary tablespace or a locally managed tablespace. For a dictionary-managed tablespace, you can specify the following storage parameters with this clause: ENCRYPT, INITIAL, NEXT, MINEXTENTS, MAXEXTENTS, MAXSIZE, and PCTINCREASE. Refer to storage_clause for more information.

Note:

The ENCRYPT clause of the storage_clause is supported for backward compatibility. However, beginning with Oracle Database 12c Release 2 (12.2), you can instead specify ENCRYPT in the tablespace_encryption_clause. Refer to tablespace_encryption_clause for more information.

ONLINE | OFFLINE Clauses

Use these clauses to determine whether the tablespace is online or offline. This clause is not valid for a temporary tablespace.

ONLINE

Specify ONLINE to make the tablespace available immediately after creation to users who have been granted access to the tablespace. This is the default.

OFFLINE

Specify OFFLINE to make the tablespace unavailable immediately after creation.

The data dictionary view DBA_TABLESPACES indicates whether each tablespace is online or offline.

extent_management_clause

The extent_management_clause lets you specify how the extents of the tablespace will be managed.

Note:

After you have specified extent management with this clause, you can change extent management only by migrating the tablespace.

If you do not specify AUTOALLOCATE or UNIFORM, then the default is UNIFORM for temporary tablespaces and AUTOALLOCATE for all other types of tablespaces.

If you do not specify the extent_management_clause, then Oracle Database interprets the MINIMUM EXTENT clause and the DEFAULT storage_clause to determine extent management.

Note:

The DICTIONARY keyword is deprecated. It is still supported for backward compatibility. However, Oracle recommends that you create locally managed tablespaces. Locally managed tablespaces are much more efficiently managed than dictionary-managed tablespaces. The creation of new dictionary-managed tablespaces is scheduled for desupport.

Restrictions on Extent Management

Extent management is subject to the following restrictions:

segment_management_clause

The segment_management_clause is relevant only for permanent, locally managed tablespaces. It lets you specify whether Oracle Database should track the used and free space in the segments in the tablespace using free lists or bitmaps. This clause is not valid for a temporary tablespace.

AUTO

Specify AUTO if you want the database to manage the free space of segments in the tablespace using a bitmap. If you specify AUTO, then the database ignores any specification for PCTUSED, FREELIST, and FREELIST GROUPS in subsequent storage specifications for objects in this tablespace. This setting is called automatic segment-space management and is the default.

MANUAL

Specify MANUAL if you want the database to manage the free space of segments in the tablespace using free lists. Oracle strongly recommends that you do not use this setting and that you create tablespaces with automatic segment-space management.

To determine the segment management of an existing tablespace, query the SEGMENT_SPACE_MANAGEMENT column of the DBA_TABLESPACES or USER_TABLESPACES data dictionary view.

Note:

If you specify AUTO segment management, then:

Restrictions on Automatic Segment-Space Management

This clause is subject to the following restrictions:

flashback_mode_clause

Use this clause in conjunction with the ALTER DATABASE FLASHBACK clause to specify whether the tablespace can participate in FLASHBACK DATABASE operations. This clause is useful if you have the database in FLASHBACK mode but you do not want Oracle Database to maintain Flashback log data for this tablespace.

This clause is not valid for temporary or undo tablespaces.

FLASHBACK ON

Specify FLASHBACK ON to put the tablespace in FLASHBACK mode. Oracle Database will save Flashback log data for this tablespace and the tablespace can participate in a FLASHBACK DATABASE operation. If you omit the flashback_mode_clause, then FLASHBACK ON is the default.

FLASHBACK OFF

Specify FLASHBACK OFF to take the tablespace out of FLASHBACK mode. Oracle Database will not save any Flashback log data for this tablespace. You must take the data files in this tablespace offline or drop them prior to any subsequent FLASHBACK DATABASE operation. Alternatively, you can take the entire tablespace offline. In either case, the database does not drop existing Flashback logs.

Note:

The FLASHBACK mode of a tablespace is independent of the FLASHBACK mode of an individual table.

undo_tablespace_clause

Specify UNDO to create an undo tablespace. When you run the database in automatic undo management mode, Oracle Database manages undo space using the undo tablespace instead of rollback segments. This clause is useful if you are now running in automatic undo management mode but your database was not created in automatic undo management mode.

Oracle Database always assigns an undo tablespace when you start up the database in automatic undo management mode. If no undo tablespace has been assigned to this instance, then the database uses the SYSTEM rollback segment. You can avoid this by creating an undo tablespace, which the database will implicitly assign to the instance if no other undo tablespace is currently assigned.

The DATAFILE clause is described in "DATAFILE | TEMPFILE Clause".

extent_management_clause

It is unnecessary to specify the extent_management_clause when creating an undo tablespace, because undo tablespaces must be locally managed tablespaces that use AUTOALLOCATE extent management. If you do specify this clause, then you must specify EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL or EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL AUTOALLOCATE, both of which are the same as omitting this clause. Refer to extent_management_clause for the full semantics of this clause.

tablespace_retention_clause

This clause is valid only for undo tablespaces.

tablespace_encryption_clause

This clause has the same semantics for undo tablespaces as for permanent tablespaces. Refer to tablespace_encryption_clause in the documentation on permanent tablespaces for full information.

Restrictions on Undo Tablespaces

Undo tablespaces are subject to the following restrictions:

temporary_tablespace_clause

Use this clause to create a temporary tablespace, which is an allocation of space in the database that can contain transient data that persists only for the duration of a session. This transient data cannot be recovered after process or instance failure.

The transient data can be user-generated schema objects such as temporary tables or system-generated data such as temp space used by hash joins and sort operations. When a temporary tablespace, or a tablespace group of which this tablespace is a member, is assigned to a particular user, then Oracle Database uses the tablespace for sorting operations in transactions initiated by that user.

You can create two types of temporary tablespaces:

TEMPFILE

The TEMPFILE clause is described in "DATAFILE | TEMPFILE Clause".

tablespace_group_clause

This clause is relevant only for temporary tablespaces. Use this clause to determine whether tablespace is a member of a tablespace group. A tablespace group lets you assign multiple temporary tablespaces to a single user and increases the addressability of temporary tablespaces.

Restriction on Tablespace Groups

Tablespace groups support only shared temporary tablespaces. You cannot add a local temporary tablespace to a tablespace group.

extent_management_clause

The extent_management_clause is described in extent_management_clause.

tablespace_encryption_clause

This clause has the same semantics for temporary tablespaces as for permanent tablespaces. Refer to tablespace_encryption_clause in the documentation on permanent tablespaces for full information.

Restrictions on Temporary Tablespaces

The data stored in temporary tablespaces persists only for the duration of a session. Therefore, only a subset of the CREATE TABLESPACE clauses are relevant for temporary tablespaces. The only clauses you can specify for a temporary tablespace are the TEMPFILE clause, the tablespace_group_clause, the extent_management_clause, and the tablespace_encryption_clause.

Examples

These examples assume that your database is using 8K blocks.

Creating a Bigfile Tablespace: Example

The following example creates a bigfile tablespace bigtbs_01 with a data file bigtbs_f1.dbf of 20 MB:

CREATE BIGFILE TABLESPACE bigtbs_01
  DATAFILE 'bigtbs_f1.dbf'
  SIZE 20M AUTOEXTEND ON;

Creating an Undo Tablespace: Example

The following example creates a 10 MB undo tablespace undots1:

CREATE UNDO TABLESPACE undots1
   DATAFILE 'undotbs_1a.dbf'
   SIZE 10M AUTOEXTEND ON
   RETENTION GUARANTEE;

Creating a Temporary Tablespace: Example

This statement shows how the temporary tablespace that serves as the default temporary tablespace for database users in the sample database was created:

CREATE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE temp_demo
   TEMPFILE 'temp01.dbf' SIZE 5M AUTOEXTEND ON;

Assuming that the default database block size is 2K, and that each bit in the map represents one extent, then each bit maps 2,500 blocks.

The following example sets the default location for data file creation and then creates a tablespace with an Oracle-managed temp file in the default location. The temp file is 100 M and is autoextensible with unlimited maximum size. These are the default values for Oracle Managed Files:

ALTER SYSTEM SET DB_CREATE_FILE_DEST = '$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/dbs';

CREATE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tbs_05;

Adding a Temporary Tablespace to a Tablespace Group: Example

The following statement creates the tbs_temp_02 temporary tablespace as a member of the tbs_grp_01 tablespace group. If the tablespace group does not already exist, then Oracle Database creates it during execution of this statement:

CREATE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tbs_temp_02
  TEMPFILE 'temp02.dbf' SIZE 5M AUTOEXTEND ON
  TABLESPACE GROUP tbs_grp_01;

Creating Basic Tablespaces: Examples

This statement creates a tablespace named tbs_01 with one data file:

CREATE TABLESPACE tbs_01 
   DATAFILE 'tbs_f2.dbf' SIZE 40M 
   ONLINE; 

This statement creates tablespace tbs_03 with one data file and allocates every extent as a multiple of 500K:

CREATE TABLESPACE tbs_03 
   DATAFILE 'tbs_f03.dbf' SIZE 20M
   LOGGING;

Enabling Autoextend for a Tablespace: Example

This statement creates a tablespace named tbs_02 with one data file. When more space is required, 500 kilobyte extents will be added up to a maximum size of 100 megabytes:

CREATE TABLESPACE tbs_02 
   DATAFILE 'diskb:tbs_f5.dbf' SIZE 500K REUSE
   AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 500K MAXSIZE 100M;

Creating a Locally Managed Tablespace: Example

The following statement assumes that the database block size is 2K.

CREATE TABLESPACE tbs_04 DATAFILE 'file_1.dbf' SIZE 10M
   EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL UNIFORM SIZE 128K;

This statement creates a locally managed tablespace in which every extent is 128K and each bit in the bit map describes 64 blocks.

The following statement creates a locally managed tablespace with uniform extents and shows an example of a table stored in that tablespace:

CREATE TABLESPACE lmt1 DATAFILE 'lmt_file2.dbf' SIZE 100m REUSE
  EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL UNIFORM SIZE 1M;

CREATE TABLE lmt_table1 (col1 NUMBER, col2 VARCHAR2(20))
  TABLESPACE lmt1 STORAGE (INITIAL 2m);

The initial segment size of the table is 2M.

The following example creates a locally managed tablespace without uniform extents:

CREATE TABLESPACE lmt2 DATAFILE 'lmt_file3.dbf' SIZE 100m REUSE 
  EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL;

CREATE TABLE lmt_table2 (col1 NUMBER, col2 VARCHAR2(20)) 
  TABLESPACE lmt2 STORAGE (INITIAL 2m MAXSIZE 100m);

The initial segment size of the table is 2M. Oracle Database determines the size of each extent and the total number of extents allocated to satisfy the initial segment size. The segment's maximum size is limited to 100M.

Creating an Encrypted Tablespace: Example

In the following example, the first statement enables encryption for the database by opening the wallet. The second statement creates an encrypted tablespace.

ALTER SYSTEM SET ENCRYPTION WALLET OPEN IDENTIFIED BY "wallet_password";

CREATE TABLESPACE encrypt_ts
  DATAFILE '$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/encrypt_df.dbf' SIZE 1M
  ENCRYPTION USING 'AES256' ENCRYPT;

Specifying Segment Space Management for a Tablespace: Example

The following example creates a tablespace with automatic segment-space management:

CREATE TABLESPACE auto_seg_ts DATAFILE 'file_2.dbf' SIZE 1M
   EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL
   SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT AUTO;

Creating Oracle Managed Files: Examples

The following example sets the default location for data file creation and creates a tablespace with a data file in the default location. The data file is 100M and is autoextensible with an unlimited maximum size:

ALTER SYSTEM SET DB_CREATE_FILE_DEST = '$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/dbs';

CREATE TABLESPACE omf_ts1;

The following example creates a tablespace with an Oracle-managed data file of 100M that is not autoextensible:

CREATE TABLESPACE omf_ts2 DATAFILE AUTOEXTEND OFF;

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