-or-
ApplicationIntent
ReadWrite Declares the application workload type when connecting to a server. Possible values areReadOnly and ReadWrite. For example:
ApplicationIntent=ReadOnly
For more information about SqlClient support for Always On Availability Groups, see SqlClient Support for High Availability, Disaster Recovery.
Application Name N/A The name of the application. If no application name is provided, 'Framework Microsoft SqlClient Data Provider' when running on .NET Framework and 'Core Microsoft SqlClient Data Provider' otherwise.An application name can be 128 characters or less.
AttachDBFilename-or-
Extended Properties
-or-
Initial File Name
N/A The name of the primary database file, including the full path name of an attachable database. AttachDBFilename is only supported for primary data files with an .mdf extension.If the value of the AttachDBFileName key is specified in the connection string, the database is attached and becomes the default database for the connection.
If this key is not specified and if the database was previously attached, the database will not be reattached. The previously attached database will be used as the default database for the connection.
If this key is specified together with the AttachDBFileName key, the value of this key will be used as the alias. However, if the name is already used in another attached database, the connection will fail.
The path may be absolute or relative by using the DataDirectory substitution string. If DataDirectory is used, the database file must exist within a subdirectory of the directory pointed to by the substitution string. Note: Remote server, HTTP, and UNC path names are not supported.
The database name must be specified with the keyword 'database' (or one of its aliases) as in the following:
"AttachDbFileName=|DataDirectory|\data\YourDB.mdf;integrated security=true;database=YourDatabase"
An error will be generated if a log file exists in the same directory as the data file and the 'database' keyword is used when attaching the primary data file. In this case, remove the log file. Once the database is attached, a new log file will be automatically generated based on the physical path.
Attestation Protocol NotSpecified Gets or sets the value of Attestation Protocol.When no value is specified, secure enclaves are disabled on the connection.
Valid values are:
AAS
HGS
None (Only valid in v3.1 and v4.1+)) Authentication N/A The authentication method used for Connecting to SQL Database By Using Azure Active Directory Authentication.
Valid values are:
Active Directory Integrated, Active Directory Interactive, Active Directory Password, Active Directory Service Principal, Active Directory Device Code Flow, Active Directory Managed Identity, Active Directory MSI, Active Directory Default, Sql Password.
For additional information see Using Azure Active Directory authentication with SqlClient.
Column Encryption Setting disabled Enables or disables Always Encrypted functionality for the connection. Supported values are:enabled and disabled Command Timeout 30 The default wait time (in seconds) before terminating the attempt to execute a command and generating an error.
Valid values are greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 2147483647.
Connect Retry Count-or-
ConnectRetryCount
1 Controls the number of reconnection attempts after the client identifies an idle connection failure. Valid values are 0 to 255. 0 means do not attempt to reconnect (disable connection resiliency).Note: Since version 5.x the default value for non Azure endpoints is 1. For Azure SQL endpoints, the default is 2. For Azure SQL serverless or on demand endpoints, the default is 5 to improve connection success for connections to an idle or paused instance.
For additional information about idle connection resiliency, see .NET SqlConnection parameters for connection retry and Technical Article - Idle Connection Resiliency.
Connect Retry Interval-or-
ConnectRetryInterval
10 Specifies the time between each connection retry attempt (ConnectRetryCount). Valid values are 1 to 60 seconds (default=10), applied after the first reconnection attempt. When a broken connection is detected, the client immediately attempts to reconnect; this is the first reconnection attempt and only occurs if ConnectRetryCount is greater than 0. If the first reconnection attempt fails and ConnectRetryCount is greater than 1, the client waits ConnectRetryInterval to try the second and subsequent reconnection attempts.
For additional information about idle connection resiliency, see.NET SqlConnection parameters for connection retry and Technical Article - Idle Connection Resiliency.
Connect Timeout-or-
Connection Timeout
-or-
Timeout
15 The length of time (in seconds) to wait for a connection to the server before terminating the attempt and generating an error.Valid values are greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 2147483647.
When opening a connection to a Azure SQL Database, set the connection timeout to 30 seconds.
Current Language-or-
Language
N/A Sets the language used for database server warning or error messages.The language name can be 128 characters or less.
Data Source-or-
Server
-or-
Address
-or-
Addr
-or-
Network Address
N/A The name or network address of the instance of SQL Server to which to connect. The port number can be specified after the server name:server=tcp:servername, portnumber
When specifying a local instance, always use (local). To force a protocol, add one of the following prefixes:
np:(local), tcp:(local), lpc:(local)
You can also connect to a LocalDB database as follows:
server=(localdb)\\myInstance
For more information about LocalDB, see SqlClient Support for LocalDB.
Data Source must use the TCP format or the Named Pipes format.
TCP format is as follows:
- tcp:<host name>\<instance name>
The TCP format must start with the prefix "tcp:" and is followed by the database instance, as specified by a host name and an instance name. This format is not applicable when connecting to Azure SQL Database. TCP is automatically selected for connections to Azure SQL Database when no protocol is specified.
The host name MUST be specified in one of the following ways:
- NetBIOSName
The instance name is used to resolve to a particular TCP/IP port number on which a database instance is hosted. Alternatively, specifying a TCP/IP port number directly is also allowed. If both instance name and port number are not present, the default database instance is used.
The Named Pipes format is as follows:
- np:\\<host name>\pipe\<pipe name>
The Named Pipes format MUST start with the prefix "np:" and is followed by a named pipe name.
The host name MUST be specified in one of the following ways:
- NetBIOSName
The pipe name is used to identify the database instance to which the .NET application will connect.
If the value of the Network key is specified, the prefixes "tcp:" and "np:" should not be specified. Note: You can force the use of TCP instead of shared memory, either by prefixing tcp: to the server name in the connection string, or by using localhost.
Enclave Attestation Url N/A Gets or sets the enclave attestation URL to be used with enclave based Always Encrypted. Encrypt 'true' in 4.0 and above'false' in 3.x and below
Recognized values are:true/yes and false/no
true/yes/mandatory, false/no/optional and strict. When true, TLS encryption is used for all data sent between the client and server if the server has a certificate installed. When strict, TDS 8.0 TLS encryption is used and the TrustServerCertificate setting is ignored and treated as false. For more information, see Connection String Syntax.
When Encrypt is mandatory or strict and TrustServerCertificate is false, the server name (or IP address) in a server's certificate must exactly match the server name (or IP address) specified in the connection string. Otherwise, the connection attempt will fail.
true indicates that the SQL Server connection pooler automatically enlists the connection in the creation thread's current transaction context. Failover Partner N/A The name of the failover partner server where database mirroring is configured.
If the value of this key is "", then Initial Catalog must be present, and its value must not be "".
The server name can be 128 characters or less.
If you specify a failover partner but the failover partner server is not configured for database mirroring and the primary server (specified with the Server keyword) is not available, then the connection will fail.
If you specify a failover partner and the primary server is not configured for database mirroring, the connection to the primary server (specified with the Server keyword) will succeed if the primary server is available.
Failover Partner SPN-or-
FailoverPartnerSPN
N/A The SPN for the failover partner. The default value is an empty string, which causes SqlClient to use the default, driver-generated SPN.(Only available in v5.0+)
Host Name In Certificate-or-
HostNameInCertificate
N/A The host name to use when validating the server certificate. When not specified, the server name from the Data Source is used for certificate validation.(Only available in v5.0+)
Server Certificate-or-
ServerCertificate
N/A The path to a certificate file to match against the SQL Server TLS/SSL certificate. The accepted certificate formats are PEM, DER, and CER. If specified, the SQL Server certificate is checked by verifying if the ServerCertificate provided is an exact match.(Only available in v5.1+)
Initial Catalog-or-
Database
N/A The name of the database.The database name can be 128 characters or less.
Integrated Security-or-
Trusted_Connection
'false' Whenfalse, User ID and Password are specified in the connection. When true, the current Windows account credentials are used for authentication.
Recognized values are true, false, yes, no, and sspi (strongly recommended), which is equivalent to true.
If User ID and Password are specified and Integrated Security is set to true, the User ID and Password will be ignored and Integrated Security will be used.
SqlCredential is a more secure way to specify credentials for a connection that uses SQL Server Authentication (Integrated Security=false).
-or-
IPAddressPreference
IPv4First The IP address family preference when establishing TCP connections. IfTransparent Network IP Resolution (in .NET Framework) or Multi Subnet Failover is set to true, this setting has no effect. Supported values include:
IPAddressPreference=IPv4First
IPAddressPreference=IPv6First
IPAddressPreference=UsePlatformDefault
-or-
Connection Lifetime
0 When a connection is returned to the pool, its creation time is compared with the current time, and the connection is destroyed if that time span (in seconds) exceeds the value specified byConnection Lifetime. This is useful in clustered configurations to force load balancing between a running server and a server just brought online.
A value of zero (0) causes pooled connections to have the maximum connection timeout.
Max Pool Size 100 The maximum number of connections that are allowed in the pool.Valid values are greater than or equal to 1. Values that are less than Min Pool Size generate an error.
Min Pool Size 0 The minimum number of connections that are allowed in the pool.Valid values are greater than or equal to 0. Zero (0) in this field means no minimum connections are initially opened.
Values that are greater than Max Pool Size generate an error.
Multiple Active Result Sets-or-
MultipleActiveResultSets
false Whentrue, an application can maintain multiple active result sets (MARS). When false, an application must process or cancel all result sets from one batch before it can execute any other batch on that connection.
Recognized values are true and false.
For more information, see Multiple Active Result Sets (MARS).
Multi Subnet Failover-or-
MultiSubnetFailover
false Always specifymultiSubnetFailover=True when connecting to the availability group listener of a SQL Server 2012 (or later) availability group or a SQL Server 2012 (or later) Failover Cluster Instance. multiSubnetFailover=True configures SqlClient to provide faster detection of and connection to the (currently) active server. Possible values are Yes and No, True and False or 1 and 0. For example:
MultiSubnetFailover=True
The default is False. For more information about SqlClient's support for Always On AGs, see SqlClient Support for High Availability, Disaster Recovery.
-or-
Network
-or-
Net
N/A The network library used to establish a connection to an instance of SQL Server. Supported values include:dbnmpntw (Named Pipes)
dbmsrpcn (Multiprotocol, Windows RPC)
dbmsadsn (Apple Talk)
dbmsgnet (VIA)
dbmslpcn (Shared Memory)
dbmsspxn (IPX/SPX)
dbmssocn (TCP/IP)
Dbmsvinn (Banyan Vines)
The corresponding network DLL must be installed on the system to which you connect. If you do not specify a network and you use a local server (for example, "." or "(local)"), shared memory is used. In this example, the network library is Win32 Winsock TCP/IP (dbmssocn), and 1433 is the port being used.
Network Library=dbmssocn;Data Source=000.000.000.000,1433;
The packet size can be greater than or equal to 512 and less than or equal to 32768.
Password-or-
PWD
N/A The password for the SQL Server account logging on. Not recommended. To maintain a high level of security, we strongly recommend that you use theIntegrated Security or Trusted_Connection keyword instead. SqlCredential is a more secure way to specify credentials for a connection that uses SQL Server Authentication.
The password must be 128 characters or less.
Persist Security Info-or-
PersistSecurityInfo
'false' When set tofalse or no (strongly recommended), security-sensitive information, such as the password or access token, is not returned as part of the connection if the connection is open or has ever been in an open state. This property should only be set to true if your application has a specific need to read the password out of an already-opened database connection. The default value of false is the more secure setting; using true for this property opens your application to security risks such as accidentally logging or tracing the database password.
Resetting the connection string resets all connection string values including the password. Recognized values are true, false, yes, and no.
-or-
PoolBlockingPeriod
Auto Sets the blocking period behavior for a connection pool. See PoolBlockingPeriod property for details. Pooling 'true' When the value of this key is set to true, any newly created connection will be added to the pool when closed by the application. In a next attempt to open the same connection, that connection will be drawn from the pool.Connections are considered the same if they have the same connection string. Different connections have different connection strings.
The value of this key can be "true", "false", "yes", or "no".
Replication 'false'true if replication is supported using the connection. Server SPN
-or-
ServerSPN
N/A The SPN for the data source. The default value is an empty string, which causes SqlClient to use the default, driver-generated SPN.(Only available in v5.0+)
Transaction Binding Implicit Unbind Controls connection association with an enlistedSystem.Transactions transaction.
Possible values are:
Transaction Binding=Implicit Unbind;
Transaction Binding=Explicit Unbind;
Implicit Unbind causes the connection to detach from the transaction when it ends. After detaching, additional requests on the connection are performed in autocommit mode. The System.Transactions.Transaction.Current property is not checked when executing requests while the transaction is active. After the transaction has ended, additional requests are performed in autocommit mode.
If the system ends the transaction (in the scope of a using block) before the last command completes, it will throw InvalidOperationException.
Explicit Unbind causes the connection to remain attached to the transaction until the connection is closed or an explicit SqlConnection.TransactionEnlist(null) is called. Beginning in .NET Framework 4.0, changes to Implicit Unbind make Explicit Unbind obsolete. An InvalidOperationException is thrown if Transaction.Current is not the enlisted transaction or if the enlisted transaction is not active.
-or-
TransparentNetworkIPResolution
See description. When the value of this key is set totrue, the application is required to retrieve all IP addresses for a particular DNS entry and attempt to connect with the first one in the list. If the connection is not established within 0.5 seconds, the application will try to connect to all others in parallel. When the first answers, the application will establish the connection with the respondent IP address.
If the MultiSubnetFailover key is set to true, TransparentNetworkIPResolution is ignored.
If the Failover Partner key is set, TransparentNetworkIPResolution is ignored.
The value of this key must be true, false, yes, or no.
A value of yes is treated the same as a value of true.
A value of no is treated the same as a value of false.
The default values are as follows:
false when:
Authentication is 'Active Directory Password' or 'Active Directory Integrated'true in all other cases.-or-
TrustServerCertificate
'false' When set totrue, TLS is used to encrypt the channel when bypassing walking the certificate chain to validate trust. If TrustServerCertificate is set to true and Encrypt is set to false, the channel is not encrypted. Recognized values are true, false, yes, and no. For more information, see Connection String Syntax. Type System Version N/A A string value that indicates the type system the application expects. The functionality available to a client application is dependent on the version of SQL Server and the compatibility level of the database. Explicitly setting the type system version that the client application was written for avoids potential problems that could cause an application to break if a different version of SQL Server is used. Note: The type system version cannot be set for common language runtime (CLR) code executing in-process in SQL Server. For more information, see SQL Server Common Language Runtime Integration.
Possible values are:
Type System Version=SQL Server 2012;
Type System Version=SQL Server 2008;
Type System Version=SQL Server 2005;
Type System Version=Latest;
Type System Version=SQL Server 2012; specifies that the application will require version 11.0.0.0 of Microsoft.SqlServer.Types.dll. The other Type System Version settings will require version 10.0.0.0 of Microsoft.SqlServer.Types.dll.
Latest is obsolete and should not be used. Latest is equivalent to Type System Version=SQL Server 2008;.
-or-
UID
-or-
User
N/A The SQL Server login account. Not recommended. To maintain a high level of security, we strongly recommend that you use theIntegrated Security or Trusted_Connection keywords instead. SqlCredential is a more secure way to specify credentials for a connection that uses SQL Server Authentication.
The user ID must be 128 characters or less.
User Instance 'false' A value that indicates whether to redirect the connection from the default SQL Server Express instance to a runtime-initiated instance running under the account of the caller. Workstation ID-or-
WSID
The local computer name The name of the workstation connecting to SQL Server.The ID must be 128 characters or less.
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