Compute the dot product of two arrays.
JAX implementation of numpy.dot()
.
This differs from jax.numpy.matmul()
in two respects:
if either a
or b
is a scalar, the result of dot
is equivalent to jax.numpy.multiply()
, while the result of matmul
is an error.
if a
and b
have more than 2 dimensions, the batch indices are stacked rather than broadcast.
a (Array | ndarray | bool | number | bool | int | float | complex) – first input array, of shape (..., N)
.
b (Array | ndarray | bool | number | bool | int | float | complex) – second input array. Must have shape (N,)
or (..., N, M)
. In the multi-dimensional case, leading dimensions must be broadcast-compatible with the leading dimensions of a
.
precision (None | str | Precision | tuple[str, str] | tuple[Precision, Precision] | DotAlgorithm | DotAlgorithmPreset) – either None
(default), which means the default precision for the backend, a Precision
enum value (Precision.DEFAULT
, Precision.HIGH
or Precision.HIGHEST
) or a tuple of two such values indicating precision of a
and b
.
preferred_element_type (str | type[Any] | dtype | SupportsDType | None) – either None
(default), which means the default accumulation type for the input types, or a datatype, indicating to accumulate results to and return a result with that datatype.
array containing the dot product of the inputs, with batch dimensions of a
and b
stacked rather than broadcast.
Examples
For scalar inputs, dot
computes the element-wise product:
>>> x = jnp.array([1, 2, 3]) >>> jnp.dot(x, 2) Array([2, 4, 6], dtype=int32)
For vector or matrix inputs, dot
computes the vector or matrix product:
>>> M = jnp.array([[2, 3, 4], ... [5, 6, 7], ... [8, 9, 0]]) >>> jnp.dot(M, x) Array([20, 38, 26], dtype=int32) >>> jnp.dot(M, M) Array([[ 51, 60, 29], [ 96, 114, 62], [ 61, 78, 95]], dtype=int32)
For higher-dimensional matrix products, batch dimensions are stacked, whereas in matmul()
they are broadcast. For example:
>>> a = jnp.zeros((3, 2, 4)) >>> b = jnp.zeros((3, 4, 1)) >>> jnp.dot(a, b).shape (3, 2, 3, 1) >>> jnp.matmul(a, b).shape (3, 2, 1)
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