April 1, 2019
Welcome to Django 2.2!
These release notes cover the new features, as well as some backwards incompatible changes you’ll want to be aware of when upgrading from Django 2.1 or earlier. We’ve begun the deprecation process for some features.
See the How to upgrade Django to a newer version guide if you’re updating an existing project.
Django 2.2 is designated as a long-term support release. It will receive security updates for at least three years after its release. Support for the previous LTS, Django 1.11, will end in April 2020.
Python compatibility¶Django 2.2 supports Python 3.5, 3.6, 3.7, 3.8 (as of 2.2.8), and 3.9 (as of 2.2.17). We highly recommend and only officially support the latest release of each series.
What’s new in Django 2.2¶ Constraints¶The new CheckConstraint
and UniqueConstraint
classes enable adding custom database constraints. Constraints are added to models using the Meta.constraints
option.
django.contrib.admin
¶
Added a CSS class to the column headers of TabularInline
.
django.contrib.auth
¶
The HttpRequest
is now passed as the first positional argument to RemoteUserBackend.configure_user()
, if it accepts it.
django.contrib.gis
¶
Added Oracle support for the Envelope
function.
Added SpatiaLite support for the coveredby
and covers
lookups.
django.contrib.postgres
¶
The new ordering
argument for ArrayAgg
and StringAgg
determines the ordering of the aggregated elements.
The new BTreeIndex
, HashIndex
and SpGistIndex
classes allow creating B-Tree
, hash
, and SP-GiST
indexes in the database.
BrinIndex
now has the autosummarize
parameter.
The new search_type
parameter of SearchQuery
allows searching for a phrase or raw expression.
django.contrib.staticfiles
¶
Added path matching to the collectstatic --ignore
option so that patterns like /vendor/*.js
can be used.
Added result streaming for QuerySet.iterator()
on SQLite.
The new View.setup
hook initializes view attributes before calling dispatch()
. It allows mixins to set up instance attributes for reuse in child classes.
Added support and translations for the Armenian language.
The new --force-color
option forces colorization of the command output.
inspectdb
now creates models for foreign tables on PostgreSQL.
inspectdb --include-views
now creates models for materialized views on Oracle and PostgreSQL.
The new inspectdb --include-partitions
option allows creating models for partition tables on PostgreSQL. In older versions, models are created child tables instead the parent.
inspectdb
now introspects DurationField
for Oracle and PostgreSQL, and AutoField
for SQLite.
On Oracle, dbshell
is wrapped with rlwrap
, if available. rlwrap
provides a command history and editing of keyboard input.
The new makemigrations --no-header
option avoids writing header comments in generated migration file(s). This option is also available for squashmigrations
.
runserver
can now use Watchman to improve the performance of watching a large number of files for changes.
The new migrate --plan
option prints the list of migration operations that will be performed.
NoneType
can now be serialized in migrations.
You can now register custom serializers for migrations.
Added support for PostgreSQL operator classes (Index.opclasses
).
Added support for partial indexes (Index.condition
).
Added the NullIf
and Reverse
database functions, as well as many math database functions.
Setting the new ignore_conflicts
parameter of QuerySet.bulk_create()
to True
tells the database to ignore failure to insert rows that fail uniqueness constraints or other checks.
The new ExtractIsoYear
function extracts ISO-8601 week-numbering years from DateField
and DateTimeField
, and the new iso_year
lookup allows querying by an ISO-8601 week-numbering year.
The new QuerySet.bulk_update()
method allows efficiently updating specific fields on multiple model instances.
Django no longer always starts a transaction when a single query is being performed, such as Model.save()
, QuerySet.update()
, and Model.delete()
. This improves the performance of autocommit by reducing the number of database round trips.
The handling of DISTINCT
aggregation is added to the Aggregate
class. Adding allow_distinct = True
as a class attribute on Aggregate
subclasses allows a distinct
keyword argument to be specified on initialization to ensure that the aggregate function is only called for each distinct value of expressions
.
The RelatedManager.add()
, create()
, remove()
, set()
, get_or_create()
, and update_or_create()
methods are now allowed on many-to-many relationships with intermediate models. The new through_defaults
argument is used to specify values for new intermediate model instance(s).
Added HttpRequest.headers
to allow simple access to a request’s headers.
You can now deserialize data using natural keys containing forward references by passing handle_forward_references=True
to serializers.deserialize()
. Additionally, loaddata
handles forward references automatically.
The new SimpleTestCase.assertURLEqual()
assertion checks for a given URL, ignoring the ordering of the query string. assertRedirects()
uses the new assertion.
The test Client
now supports automatic JSON serialization of list and tuple data
when content_type='application/json'
.
The new ORACLE_MANAGED_FILES
test database setting allows using Oracle Managed Files (OMF) tablespaces.
Deferrable database constraints are now checked at the end of each TestCase
test on SQLite 3.20+, just like on other backends that support deferrable constraints. These checks aren’t implemented for older versions of SQLite because they would require expensive table introspection there.
DiscoverRunner
now skips the setup of databases not referenced by tests.
The new ResolverMatch.route
attribute stores the route of the matching URL pattern.
MaxValueValidator
, MinValueValidator
, MinLengthValidator
, and MaxLengthValidator
now accept a callable limit_value
.
This section describes changes that may be needed in third-party database backends.
Third-party database backends must implement support for table check constraints or set DatabaseFeatures.supports_table_check_constraints
to False
.
Third party database backends must implement support for ignoring constraints or uniqueness errors while inserting or set DatabaseFeatures.supports_ignore_conflicts
to False
.
Third party database backends must implement introspection for DurationField
or set DatabaseFeatures.can_introspect_duration_field
to False
.
DatabaseFeatures.uses_savepoints
now defaults to True
.
Third party database backends must implement support for partial indexes or set DatabaseFeatures.supports_partial_indexes
to False
.
DatabaseIntrospection.table_name_converter()
and column_name_converter()
are removed. Third party database backends may need to instead implement DatabaseIntrospection.identifier_converter()
. In that case, the constraint names that DatabaseIntrospection.get_constraints()
returns must be normalized by identifier_converter()
.
SQL generation for indexes is moved from Index
to SchemaEditor
and these SchemaEditor
methods are added:
_create_primary_key_sql()
and _delete_primary_key_sql()
_delete_index_sql()
(to pair with _create_index_sql()
)
_delete_unique_sql
(to pair with _create_unique_sql()
)
_delete_fk_sql()
(to pair with _create_fk_sql()
)
_create_check_sql()
and _delete_check_sql()
The third argument of DatabaseWrapper.__init__()
, allow_thread_sharing
, is removed.
ModelAdmin
classes¶
For example, in older versions of Django:
from django.contrib import admin class BaseAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): actions = ["a"] class SubAdmin(BaseAdmin): actions = ["b"]
SubAdmin
would have actions 'a'
and 'b'
.
Now actions
follows standard Python inheritance. To get the same result as before:
class SubAdmin(BaseAdmin): actions = BaseAdmin.actions + ["b"]
django.contrib.gis
¶
Support for GDAL 1.9 and 1.10 is dropped.
TransactionTestCase
serialized data loading¶
Initial data migrations are now loaded in TransactionTestCase
at the end of the test, after the database flush. In older versions, this data was loaded at the beginning of the test, but this prevents the test --keepdb
option from working properly (the database was empty at the end of the whole test suite). This change shouldn’t have an impact on your tests unless you’ve customized TransactionTestCase
’s internals.
sqlparse
is required dependency¶
To simplify a few parts of Django’s database handling, sqlparse 0.2.2+ is now a required dependency. It’s automatically installed along with Django.
cached_property
aliases¶
In usage like:
from django.utils.functional import cached_property class A: @cached_property def base(self): return ... alias = base
alias
is not cached. Where the problem can be detected (Python 3.6 and later), such usage now raises TypeError: Cannot assign the same cached_property to two different names ('base' and 'alias').
Use this instead:
import operator class A: ... alias = property(operator.attrgetter("base"))Permissions for proxy models¶
Permissions for proxy models are now created using the content type of the proxy model rather than the content type of the concrete model. A migration will update existing permissions when you run migrate
.
In the admin, the change is transparent for proxy models having the same app_label
as their concrete model. However, in older versions, users with permissions for a proxy model with a different app_label
than its concrete model couldn’t access the model in the admin. That’s now fixed, but you might want to audit the permissions assignments for such proxy models ([add|view|change|delete]_myproxy
) prior to upgrading to ensure the new access is appropriate.
Finally, proxy model permission strings must be updated to use their own app_label
. For example, for app.MyProxyModel
inheriting from other_app.ConcreteModel
, update user.has_perm('other_app.add_myproxymodel')
to user.has_perm('app.add_myproxymodel')
.
Media
assets¶
Form Media
assets are now merged using a topological sort algorithm, as the old pairwise merging algorithm is insufficient for some cases. CSS and JavaScript files which don’t include their dependencies may now be sorted incorrectly (where the old algorithm produced results correctly by coincidence).
Audit all Media
classes for any missing dependencies. For example, widgets depending on django.jQuery
must specify js=['admin/js/jquery.init.js', ...]
when declaring form media assets.
To improve readability, the UUIDField
form field now displays values with dashes, e.g. 550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440000
instead of 550e8400e29b41d4a716446655440000
.
On SQLite, PositiveIntegerField
and PositiveSmallIntegerField
now include a check constraint to prevent negative values in the database. If you have existing invalid data and run a migration that recreates a table, you’ll see CHECK constraint failed
.
For consistency with WSGI servers, the test client now sets the Content-Length
header to a string rather than an integer.
The return value of django.utils.text.slugify()
is no longer marked as HTML safe.
The default truncation character used by the urlizetrunc
, truncatechars
, truncatechars_html
, truncatewords
, and truncatewords_html
template filters is now the real ellipsis character (…
) instead of 3 dots. You may have to adapt some test output comparisons.
Support for bytestring paths in the template filesystem loader is removed.
django.utils.http.urlsafe_base64_encode()
now returns a string instead of a bytestring, and django.utils.http.urlsafe_base64_decode()
may no longer be passed a bytestring.
Support for cx_Oracle
< 6.0 is removed.
The minimum supported version of mysqlclient
is increased from 1.3.7 to 1.3.13.
The minimum supported version of SQLite is increased from 3.7.15 to 3.8.3.
In an attempt to provide more semantic query data, NullBooleanSelect
now renders <option>
values of unknown
, true
, and false
instead of 1
, 2
, and 3
. For backwards compatibility, the old values are still accepted as data.
Group.name
max_length
is increased from 80 to 150 characters.
Tests that violate deferrable database constraints now error when run on SQLite 3.20+, just like on other backends that support such constraints.
To catch usage mistakes, the test Client
and django.utils.http.urlencode()
now raise TypeError
if None
is passed as a value to encode because None
can’t be encoded in GET and POST data. Either pass an empty string or omit the value.
The ping_google
management command now defaults to https
instead of http
for the sitemap’s URL. If your site uses http, use the new ping_google --sitemap-uses-http
option. If you use the django.contrib.sitemaps.ping_google
function, set the new sitemap_uses_https
argument to False
.
runserver
no longer supports pyinotify
(replaced by Watchman).
The Avg
, StdDev
, and Variance
aggregate functions now return a Decimal
instead of a float
when the input is Decimal
.
Tests will fail on SQLite if apps without migrations have relations to apps with migrations. This has been a documented restriction since migrations were added in Django 1.7, but it fails more reliably now. You’ll see tests failing with errors like no such table: <app_label>_<model>
. This was observed with several third-party apps that had models in tests without migrations. You must add migrations for such models.
Providing an integer in the key
argument of the cache.delete()
or cache.get()
now raises ValueError
.
Plural equations for some languages are changed, because the latest versions from Transifex are incorporated.
Note
The ability to handle .po
files containing different plural equations for the same language was added in Django 2.2.12.
Meta.ordering
will no longer affect GROUP BY
queries¶
A model’s Meta.ordering
affecting GROUP BY
queries (such as .annotate().values()
) is a common source of confusion. Such queries now issue a deprecation warning with the advice to add an order_by()
to retain the current query. Meta.ordering
will be ignored in such queries starting in Django 3.1.
django.utils.timezone.FixedOffset
is deprecated in favor of datetime.timezone
.
The undocumented QuerySetPaginator
alias of django.core.paginator.Paginator
is deprecated.
The FloatRangeField
model and form fields in django.contrib.postgres
are deprecated in favor of a new name, DecimalRangeField
, to match the underlying numrange
data type used in the database.
The FILE_CHARSET
setting is deprecated. Starting with Django 3.1, files read from disk must be UTF-8 encoded.
django.contrib.staticfiles.storage.CachedStaticFilesStorage
is deprecated due to the intractable problems that it has. Use ManifestStaticFilesStorage
or a third-party cloud storage instead.
RemoteUserBackend.configure_user()
is now passed request
as the first positional argument, if it accepts it. Support for overrides that don’t accept it will be removed in Django 3.1.
The SimpleTestCase.allow_database_queries
, TransactionTestCase.multi_db
, and TestCase.multi_db
attributes are deprecated in favor of SimpleTestCase.databases
, TransactionTestCase.databases
, and TestCase.databases
. These new attributes allow databases dependencies to be declared in order to prevent unexpected queries against non-default databases to leak state between tests. The previous behavior of allow_database_queries=True
and multi_db=True
can be achieved by setting databases='__all__'
.
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