microcontroller – Pin references and cpu functionality
The microcontroller module defines the pins and other bare-metal hardware from the perspective of the microcontroller. See board for board-specific pin mappings.
CPU information and control, such as cpu.temperature and cpu.frequency (clock frequency). This object is an instance of microcontroller.Processor.
CPU information and control, such as cpus[0].temperature and cpus[1].frequency (clock frequency) on chips with more than 1 cpu. The index selects which cpu. This object is an instance of microcontroller.Processor.
Dedicated delay method used for very short delays. Do not do long delays because this stops all other functions from completing. Think of this as an empty while loop that runs for the specified (delay) time. If you have other code or peripherals (e.g audio recording) that require specific timing or processing while you are waiting, explore a different avenue such as using time.sleep().
Disable all interrupts. Be very careful, this can stall everything.
Enable the interrupts that were enabled at the last disable.
Configure the run mode used the next time the microcontroller is reset but not powered down.
run_mode (RunMode) – The next run mode
Reset the microcontroller. After reset, the microcontroller will enter the run mode last set by on_next_reset.
Warning
This may result in file system corruption when connected to a host computer. Be very careful when calling this! Make sure the device “Safely removed” on Windows or “ejected” on Mac OSX and Linux.
Available non-volatile memory. This object is the sole instance of nvm.ByteArray when available or None otherwise.
nvm.ByteArray or None
Available watchdog timer. This object is the sole instance of watchdog.WatchDogTimer when available or None otherwise.
Identifies an IO pin on the microcontroller.
Identifies an IO pin on the microcontroller. They are fixed by the hardware so they cannot be constructed on demand. Instead, use board or microcontroller.pin to reference the desired pin.
Returns a hash for the Pin.
Microcontroller CPU information and control
Usage:
import microcontroller print(microcontroller.cpu.frequency) print(microcontroller.cpu.temperature) Note that on chips with more than one cpu (such as the RP2040) microcontroller.cpu will return the value for CPU 0. To get values from other CPUs use microcontroller.cpus indexed by the number of the desired cpu. i.e. print(microcontroller.cpus[0].temperature) print(microcontroller.cpus[1].frequency)
You cannot create an instance of microcontroller.Processor. Use microcontroller.cpu to access the sole instance available.
The CPU operating frequency in Hertz.
Limitations: On most boards, frequency is read-only. Setting the frequency is possible on RP2040 boards, some ESP32 boards and some i.MX boards.
Warning
Overclocking likely voids your warranties and may reduce the lifetime of the chip.
Warning
Changing the frequency may cause issues with other subsystems, such as USB, PWM, and PIO. To minimize issues, set the CPU frequency before initializing other systems.
The reason the microcontroller started up from reset state.
The on-chip temperature, in Celsius, as a float. (read-only)
Is None if the temperature is not available.
Limitations: Not available on ESP32 or ESP32-S3. On small SAMD21 builds without external flash, the reported temperature has reduced accuracy and precision, to save code space.
The unique id (aka serial number) of the chip as a bytearray. (read-only)
The input voltage to the microcontroller, as a float. (read-only)
Is None if the voltage is not available.
The reason the microcontroller was last reset
The microcontroller was started from power off.
The microcontroller was reset due to too low a voltage.
The microcontroller was reset from software.
The microcontroller was reset for deep sleep and restarted by an alarm.
The microcontroller was reset by a signal on its reset pin. The pin might be connected to a reset button.
The microcontroller was reset by its watchdog timer.
The microcontroller restarted for an unknown reason.
The microcontroller was reset by the rescue debug port.
run state of the microcontroller
Enum-like class to define the run mode of the microcontroller and CircuitPython.
Run CircuitPython as normal.
Run CircuitPython in safe mode. User code will not run and the file system will be writeable over USB.
Run the uf2 bootloader.
Run the default bootloader.
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